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Table of contents
Chapter 1 Titanium Aluminium Alloys
1.1 Introduction to Ti-Al
1.2 The Ti-Al Binary System
1.2.1 Ti-Al Phase Diagram
1.1.4 Microstructures
1.3 Casting and Processing
1.4 Mechanical Properties
1.4.1 Creep
1.4.2 Fatigue
1.4.3 Fracture
1.5 Summary
Chapter 2 Solidification, Grain Refinement, and Isomorphic Self Inoculation
2.1 Solidification of Metallic Alloys
2.1.1 Overview of the Solidification process
2.1.2 Nucleation Theories
2.1.3 Solutal Growth Restriction
2.1.4 Summary
2.2 Inoculation of Metallic Alloys
2.2.1 Inoculation in The Ti-Al System
2.3 Development of Isomorphic Self Inoculation
2.3.1 ISI Criteria I: Phase and Lattice Matching
2.3.2 ISI Criteria II: Stability in the Melt
2.3.3 ISI Criteria III: Usability Factors
2.3.4 ISI Criteria IV: No Negative Effects on Final Cast Product
2.4 Summary
Chapter 3 Inoculant Alloy Selection, Production, and Characterization
3.1 Inoculant Alloy Selection
3.1.1 Selection and Description of the Bulk Base Alloy
3.1.2 Selection and Description of the Inoculant Alloys
3.1.3 Summary of Inoculant and Bulk Alloy Properties
3.2 Powder Production
3.2.1 Bulk Alloys
3.2.2 Powder Milling
3.3 Powder Characterization
3.3.1 Size Characterization
3.3.2 Microstructure Characterization
3.3.3 Effects on Milling
3.4 Summary
Chapter 4 Isomorphic Self-Inoculation Casting Trials
4.1 Inoculation Procedure
4.1.1 Inoculant Preparation
4.1.2 Number of Inoculant Particles
4.1.3 Ingot Preparation
4.1.4 Inoculation
4.2 Ingot Analysis Procedure
4.2.1 Sample Preparation
4.2.2 Measurement of Ingot Equiaxed Area
4.2.3 Grain Size Measurement
4.3 Individual Bulk Alloy Ingot Trials
4.3.1 Ti-Al-Nb Trials
4.3.2 Ti-Al-Ta Trials
4.3.3 Summary of Individual Ingot Trials
4.4 Ti-Ta Trials
4.4.1 Ti-Ta Collective Bulk Alloy Trials
4.4.2 Individual Bulk Alloy Ingot Trial
4.4.3 Summary
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter 5 Influence of Inoculant Alloys and Their Processing Parameters
5.1 Anomalous Ti-Ta Results
5.1.1 Density Effects
5.1.2 Oxygen Content
5.1.3 Superlarge Particles
5.1.4 Individual Bulk Alloy Trial
5.1.5 Summary
5.2 Ti-Al-Nb and Ti-Al-Ta Grain Refinement
5.2.1 Distribution Effects
5.2.2 Particle Break Up
5.3 Particle-Melt Interactions
5.3.1 Effect of Particle Size and Density on Velocity in the Melt
5.3.2 Diffusion between Particles and Molten Alloy
5.4 Conclusions
Chapter 6 Inoculant-Melt Interactions
6.1 Inoculant Alloy Interaction with Melt
6.1.1 Rod Dipping Procedure
6.1.2 Dissolution of Rod in Melt
6.2 Influence of Thermal Effects on Particle Grain Size
6.2.1 Particle annealing
6.2.2 As-Milled Particle Microstructure
6.2.3 Recreating Particle Thermal Treatment
6.3 Particle Dissolution in Liquid Melt
6.3.1 Influence of Fluid Flow
6.3.2 Application of the Model to Different Particle Sizes
6.4 Repercussions on Isomorphic Inoculation Trials
6.4.1 Number of Grains Present During Solidification
6.5 Conclusions
Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations
7.1 Conclusions
7.2 Recommendations
7.2.1 Ti-Al Applications
7.2.2 Mechanism of Isomorphic Inoculation
