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Table of contents
1 Experimental and Simulation Methods
1.1 Studied material
1.2 Electron Probe MicroAnalyser (EPMA)
1.3 Dilatometer trials
1.3.1 Rapid Cycle Dilatometer (RCD)
1.3.2 Bähr DIL 805
1.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy
1.4.1 Metallographic preparation
1.4.2 SEM microstructural observations
1.5 Image Analysis
1.5.1 Pearlite and ferrite grain size
1.5.2 Phase fraction
1.5.3 Carbide morphology and size
1.6 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
1.6.1 Thin foil preparation
1.6.2 Chemical Analysis of the cementite particle compositions
1.7 High Energy X-Ray Diffraction (HEXRD)
1.7.1 Experimental set-up
1.7.2 Circular integration
1.7.3 Phase quantification by Rietveld refinement
1.8 Thermodynamic approach and Thermocalc/DICTRA modeling tool
1.8.1 Analytical treatment of diffusive and moving interface problems
1.8.2 CALPHAD method for calculation of thermodynamic equilibria
1.8.3 Diffusive problem modeling with DICTRA
1.8.4 Mobility databases
REFERENCES
2 Morphogenesis of ferrite-austenite microstructures during intercritical annealing
2.1 Literature review: Morphogenesis of ferrite/austenite microstructures during annealing
2.1.1 Formation of cold-rolled ferrite-pearlite microstructures
2.1.2 Interactions between recrystallization and austenitization
2.1.3 Discussion: austenite nucleation and growth
2.1.4 Effect of cold-rolling and recrystallization
2.2 Microstructure characterization
2.2.1 Sample preparation and nomenclature
2.2.2 Characterization of the HR state before cold-rolling
2.2.3 Characterization of the CR state prior to annealing
2.2.4 Microstructure evolution during heating below Ac1
2.2.5 Austenite transformation
2.3 Summary and discussion
2.3.1 Summary
2.3.2 Discussion
2.4 Conclusion
REFERENCES
3 Evolution of cementite composition along the processing of cold-rolled and annealed Dual-Phase steels
3.1 Experiments: TEM observations and compositions measurements
3.1.1 Sampling plan
3.1.2 TEM observations conditions
3.1.3 Carbide composition after pearlite transformation (HR sample)
3.1.4 As received state (CR sample)
3.1.5 Heating to 700°C
3.1.6 Intermediate conclusion
3.2 Discussion and modeling
3.2.1 Manganese partition during pearlite transformation
3.2.2 Ripening process of cementite during coiling and annealing
3.3 Finite Difference (FD) model
3.3.1 FD Model’s description
3.3.2 Interface modeling
3.3.3 Calibration of the model and initialization of the calculation
3.3.4 Results
3.3.5 Discussions
3.4 Conclusion
REFERENCES
4 Recovery and Recrystallization
4.1 Bibliographic study
4.1.1 Recovery
4.1.2 Recovery modelling
4.1.3 Recrystallization
4.1.4 Recrystallization modeling
4.2 Experimental Results
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Recovery
4.2.3 Recrystallization
4.2.4 Discussions
4.3 Modeling
4.3.1 Recovery
4.3.2 Recrystallization
4.4 Summary and conclusions
REFERENCES
5 Austenite transformation kinetics: In situ characterization and physical based modeling
5.1 Literature review
5.1.1 Austenite transformation global kinetics
5.1.2 Thermo-kinetic analyses
5.1.3 Kinetic simulations
5.2 Austenite transformation kinetics: in situ HEXRD characterization
5.2.1 Experiments
5.2.2 Austenite transformation kinetics: slow heating (800H3 sample)
5.2.3 Austenite transformation kinetics: fast heating (800H30 and 800H100 samples)
5.2.4 Discussion
5.3 DICTRA modeling strategy
5.3.1 Thermodynamic hypotheses, diffusivity data
5.3.2 Geometrical representation of the microstructure
5.3.3 Austenite nucleation
5.3.4 Cell sizes and compositions
5.4 Simulation of austenite transformation during slow and fast heating
5.4.1 Isolated Carbide dissolution: sub-system I
5.4.2 Pearlite transformation: sub-system P
5.4.3 Austenite growth from former pearlite: sub-system A
5.4.4 Discussion on DICTRA simulations
5.5 Comparison between simulations and experiments
5.5.1 Calculation of global kinetics from specific kinetics in I, P, A cells
5.5.2 Slow heating
5.5.3 Fast heating
5.5.4 Discussion
5.6 Conclusion
REFERENCES
Conclusion and Outlooks
