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Table of contents
Chapter 1. Introduction and context
1. Water scarcity
2. Wastewater reuse in irrigation
2.1. Guidelines and regulations
2.2. Urban wastewater treatment technologies
3. Advanced oxidation processes
3.1. Homogeneous AOPs
3.1.1. Ozone-based AOPs
3.1.2. UV/H2O2 and UV/PS
3.1.3. Photo Fenton and Fenton-like AOPs
3.2. Heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation processes
3.2.1. Radical-based systems
3.2.2. Non-radical-based systems
4. Fixed-bed column
5. Aims
Chapter 2. Peroxydisulfate activation process on copper oxide: Cu(III) as the predominant selective intermediate oxidant for phenol and waterborne antibiotics removal
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Characterization of CuO
2.3. Experimental procedures
2.4. Analytical methods
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Characterization of CuO
3.2. PDS activation by CuO-batch experiments
3.3. Identification of reactive species
3.4. Phenol transformation pathways and mechanisms
3.5. Influence of operating parameters
3.6. Applicability of CuO/PDS system
4. Conclusions
Chapter 3. Copper oxide / peroxydisulfate system for urban wastewater disinfection: Performances, reactive species, and antibiotic resistance genes removal
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Pathogens inactivation
2.3. Identification of reactive species
2.4. Antibiotic-resistant-bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Inactivation performances of pathogens
3.2. Identification of reactive species
3.3. Antibiotic-resistant-bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes removal
4. Conclusions
Chapter 4. Peroxydisulfate activation by CuO pellet in a fixed-bed column for antibiotics degradation and urban wastewater disinfection
1. Introduction
2. Experimental section
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Characterization of CuO pellet
2.3. Fixed-bed column set up
2.4. Experimental procedures
2.5. Analytical methods
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Working mode of CuO fixed-bed column
3.2. Degradation of antibiotics
3.3. Pathogens inactivation
3.4. Stability of FBC-CuO
4. Conclusions
Chapter 5. Conclusions and perspectives
