Integration of sensory inputs in spinal circuits

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Table of contents

Introduction
I. Contribution of sensory feedback during locomotion in vertebrates
I.1. Sensory feedback as a driver of locomotor activity: spinal reflexes vs. half-center models
I.2. Integration of sensory inputs in spinal circuits
I.2.a. Descending pathways reconfigure the output of sensory afferents
I.2.b. State-dependent modulation of motor output by sensory feedback
I.2.c. Modulation of sensory signaling by presynaptic inhibition
I.3. Connectivity between primary afferent neurons and spinal premotor interneurons
I.4. Cellular and molecular investigation of proprioception in mammals
I.5. Sensory feedback in fish and amphibians
II. Anatomical, genetic, and functional organization of locomotor central pattern generators
II.1. Basic organization of spinal circuits controlling the pattern and rhythm of locomotion
II.2. Inductive signals control the fate of spinal neuron specification during development
II.3. Contribution of genetically identified spinal neurons to locomotion
II.3.a. V0 neurons
II.3.b. V1 neurons
II.3.c. V2a neurons
II.3.c. V3 neurons
II.3.d. Sensory-motor interactions between locomotor CPGs and sensory afferents
III. Cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons are polymodal sensory neurons in the ventral spinal cord
III.1. Identification and characterization of sensory neurons lining the central canal in the spinal cord
III.2. Molecular analysis of CSF-cNs across species reveals specific markers and a double developmental origin
III.3. Sensory modalities underlying the recruitment of CSF-cNs
III.4. Experimental strategies and optogenetic approaches to unravel the function of CSF-cNs Key concepts of part III
IV. Aims of the thesis
Chapter 1 – Functional connectivity mapping between CSF-cNs and spinal premotor neurons controlling slow
swimming
Predictions regarding the connectivity of CSF-cNs
Building the experimental paradigm
Highlights of the findings described in this chapter
Graphical abstract of the results
Published article: State-Dependent Modulation of Locomotion by GABAergic Spinal
Sensory Neurons
Figures and Supplemental Information
Discussion and perspectives
On the specificity of CSF-cNs connectivity
CSF-cNs target V3 interneurons, a second class of ventral glutamatergic interneurons
On the modulation of bout generation
The problem of chloride homeostasis in developing neuronal networks
On the role of CSF-contacting neurons during slow swimming
Can CSF-cNs modulate distinct locomotor behaviors using circuit-specific mechanisms?
Analysis of the contribution of CSF-cNs to evoked fast locomotion
Chapter 2- Modulation of spinal circuits controlling the frequency of locomotion by cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons
BoTxBLC-mediated silencing of V2a interneurons confirms their critical role in fast locomotion
Silencing of V2a interneurons decreases the locomotor frequency during spontaneous slow swimming
Topographic organization of CSF-cNs inputs onto V2a interneurons
Discussion and perspectives
Experimental strategy to probe the modulation of V2a neurons by CSF-cNs
Some assembly required: building a global picture of CSF-cNs-mediated modulation of spinal central pattern generators
Are V2a interneurons at the core of a global mechanosensory feedback loop?
Conclusions and future directions
Experimental procedures
References