Marine invertebrate larvae can shed light on invertebrate endocrine disruption

For more info about our services contact : help@bestpfe.com

Table of contents

Preface
Abstract
Résumé
List of Figures and Tables
Introduction
Part 1. Potential impacts of EDCs on marine invertebrates: facts and controversies
1. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): summary of consensus statements
2. Endocrine disruption: what is known
2.1 The definition of “endocrine disruption” is largely vertebrate-centric
2.2 The basics of endocrine disruption: lessons from vertebrates
2.3 EDCs mimic hormones and compete for the binding to Nuclear Receptors
3. EDCs pollution and Marine Invertebrates
3.1 EDCs in the aquatic environment
3.2 Effects of EDCs on marine invertebrates
3.3 Canonical Endocrine Disruption in marine invertebrates: facts and controversies
3.4 Invertebrate Molecular Disruption (IMD): Invertebrate Nuclear Receptors respond to EDCs
3.5 The Adverse Outcome Pathway approach in invertebrate EDC research: linking molecular pathways of disruption to biological effects
3.6 Marine invertebrate larvae can shed light on invertebrate endocrine disruption
4. References
Part 2. Nuclear Receptors and development of marine invertebrates
Part 3. The larval development of Mytilus galloprovincialis: an experimental model for invertebrate endocrine disruption studies
1. Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)
1.1 Characteristics and distribution
1.2 The life cycle of Mytilus galloprovincialis
2. Mytilus galloprovincialis larval development as a model in invertebrate endocrine disruption research
2.1 The larval development of Mytilus galloprovincialis
2.1.1 Larval shell biogenesis in M. galloprovincialis
2.1.2 Larval neurogenesis
2.2 Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae as model organism
2.3 The larval development of M. galloprovincialis and invertebrate endocrine disruption
3. References
Aim of the thesis
Chapter 1. The process of larval shell biogenesis in Mytilus galloprovincialis
Context of the study
Characterization of the main steps in first shell formation in Mytilus galloprovincialis: possible role of tyrosinase
Final remarks
Chapter 2. Neuroendocrine disrupting effects of EDCs in developing larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis
Context of the study
Case study n°1: Bisphenol-A interferes with first shell formation and development of the serotoninergic system in early larval stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis
Case study n°2: Tetrabromobisphenol-A acts a neurodevelopmental disruptor in early larval stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis
Final remarks
Chapter 3. Implications of NR disruption in developing larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis: a case study with RXR
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1 Identification of putative nuclear receptors in the genome of Mytilus galloprovincialis
2.2 MgRXR Sequence Analysis
2.3 Mussels, gamete collection and fertilization
2.4 Experimental conditions and exposure
2.5 Effect of 9-cis-Retinoic Acid, TBT and UVI3003 on larval growth at 48 hpf
2.6 Effect of 9-cis-Retinoic Acid, TBT and UVI3003 on shell formation
2.7 Prevention of the effects of 9-cis-Retinoic Acid and TBT on shell formation by co-incubation with UVI3003
2.8 In situ Hybridisation
2.9 Immunocytochemistry
2.10 Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1 Isolation and characterisation of Mytilus galloprovincialis RXR
3.1.1 The Nuclear Receptors of M. galloprovincialis
3.1.2 Sequence analysis of MgRXR
3.2 Effect of 9-cis-RA on larva shell biogenesis
3.2.1 Effect of 9-cis-RA on development of D-veligers at 48 hpf
3.2.2 Effect of increasing concentrations of 9-cis-RA on larval shell formation from 24 to 48 hpf
3.3 Effect of TBT on larva shell biogenesis
3.3.1 Effect of TBT on development of D-veligers at 48 hpf
3.3.2 Effect of increasing concentrations of TBT on larval shell formation from 24 to 48 hpf
3.4 Effect of UVI3003 on larval development of M. galloprovincialis
3.5 9-cis-RA and TBT phenotype rescue expriment at 48 hpf by co-incubation with UVI3003
3.6 Effect of 9-cis-RA and TBT on the expression pattern of MgRXR
3.7 Effect of 9-cis-RA and TBT on the expression pattern of Tyrosinase as a marker of shell development
3.8 Effect of 9-cis-RA and TBT on the dopaminergic system
3.9 Effect of 9-cis-RA and TBT on the number of 5-HTir cells at 48 hpf
3.10 In search of possible MgRXR heterodimers involved in M. galloprovincialis larval development
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. References
General Discussion
1. Shell biogenesis in M. galloprovincialis larvae is regulated by the neuroendocrine system
2. BPA and TBBPA are neuroendocrine disruptors in M. galloprovincialis larvae
3. Nuclear Receptor as possible target of EDCs in early development of M. galloprovincialis
4. RXR initiates the neuroendocrine AOP of TBT in M. galloprovincialis larval development
5. References
Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
List of oral communications and published articles
Oral communications
Published Articles
Annex 1
Annex 2