Measure atmospheric HONO

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Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction: atmospheric chemistry of HONO
1.1 The role of HONO in atmospheric chemistry
1.1.1 Hydroxyl radicals (OH)
1.1.2 The contribution of HONO to OH
1.2 The proposed HONO sources and sinks
1.2.1 Direct emissions
1.2.2 Homogeneous reactions
1.2.3 Heterogeneous conversion of NO2
1.2.4 Photolysis of nitric acid and particulate nitrate
1.2.5 Acid displacement of soil surface nitrite by strong atmospheric acids
1.2.6 Soil HONO emissions
1.2.7 Other HONO sources
1.3 HONO measurement techniques
1.4 HONO measurements in the NCP region
Chapter 2 Development of a stripping coil-ion chromatograph method to measure atmospheric HONO
2.1 Experimental
2.1.1 Technical setup of the SC-IC
2.1.2 Collection efficiency
2.1.3 Laboratory tests and field measurements
2.2 Results and discussion
2.2.1 Impact from Fg/Fl
2.2.2 Impact from NO2 and SO2
2.2.3 Particulate nitrite and storage time
2.2.4 Intercomparisons
2.3 Summary
Chapter 3 Development of a twin open-top chambers method to measure soil HONO emission flux
3.1 Experimental
3.1.1 Twin open-top chambers method (OTCs)
3.1.2 HONO collection and analyzer
3.1.3 Laboratory research about the performance of OTCs
3.1.4 Site description
3.2 Results and discussion
3.2.1 Performance of the OTCs system in the laboratory research
3.2.2 Performance of the OTCs system in the field test
3.2.3 Greenhouse effect in the chamber
3.2.4 Influence from chemical reactions in the chamber
3.2.5 HONO emissions before fertilization
3.2.6 HONO emissions after fertilization
3.3 Summary
Chapter 4 Soil HONO emission flux measurement and regional O3 pollution in the summertime
4.1 Field evidence for soil HONO emissions
4.1.1 Atmospheric HONO and related parameters measurement
4.1.2 Photolysis frequency values (J)
4.1.3 Overview of the observations
4.1.4 Discussion on soil HONO emissions and their impact
4.2 Soil HONO emission flux measurement
4.2.1 Experimental
4.2.2 Overview of the measurements
4.2.3 Possible mechanisms
4.3 Laboratory experiments on soil HONO emission mechanism
4.3.1 Soil samples
4.3.2 Flow tube
4.3.3 Treatments of the soil samples
4.3.4 Results of a new mechanism
4.4 Regional impact on O3 pollution
4.4.1 CMAQ model configurations
4.4.2 Simulation cases
4.4.3 Impacts of soil HONO emissions on HONO and O3 concentrations at the Wangdu site
4.4.4 Regional impacts of soil HONO emissions in the NCP region
4.5 Reduction strategy
4.6 Summary and conclusions
Chapter 5 HONO budget and its role in nitrate formation in the wintertime
5.1 Field measurements
5.1.1 Site description and instrumentation
5.1.2 NO2 correction
5.2 Model description
5.2.1 MCM
5.2.2 Model Configurations
5.2.3 Parameterization of HONO sources/sinks
5.3 Results and discussion
5.3.1 Overview of the observations
5.3.2 OH simulations
5.3.3 HONO simulations and budget
5.3.4 Implications on HOx chemistry and nitrate formation
5.4 Summary