Methods to fabricate flexible electronics

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Table of contents

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem statements
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Scope of study
1.5 Thesis overview
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Conductive ink materials
2.1.1 Graphene-based ink
2.1.2 Other conductive materials-based ink
2.1.2(a) Ink based on conductive nanomaterials
2.1.2(b) Ink based on conductive polymers
2.1.3 Graphene hybrid-based ink
2.2 Conductive ink properties
2.2.1 Viscosity
2.2.2 Surface tension
2.2.3 Solubility parameters
2.3 Conductive ink stability
2.3.1 Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
2.3.2 Zeta potential analysis
2.4 Flexible electronics
2.4.1 Methods to fabricate flexible electronics
2.4.1(a) Screen printing
2.4.1(b) Spray coating
2.4.1(c) Inkjet printing
2.4.2 Flexible electronics for the strain sensor
2.5 Summary
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Raw materials
3.1.1(a) Graphene-based materials
3.1.1(b) Silver nanoparticles
3.1.1(c) Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)
3.1.2 Solvents and chemicals
3.2 Experimental methods
3.2.1 Synthesis of graphene foam
3.2.2 Production of graphene-based ink for spray coating
3.2.2(a) Preparation of ink
3.2.2(b) Fabrication of conductive ink pattern
3.2.3 Production of graphene-based ink for inkjet printing
3.2.3(a) Different types of solvents
3.2.3(b) Mixed solvents
3.2.3(c) Fabrication of conductive ink pattern
3.3 Characterization techniques
3.3.1 Scanning electron microscopy
3.3.2 High resolution transmission electron microscopy
3.3.3 X-ray diffraction
3.3.4 Raman spectroscopy
3.3.5 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
3.3.6 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
3.3.7 Physisorption of Nitrogen at 77 K
3.3.8 Thermogravimetric analysis
3.3.9 Visual observation
3.3.10 Zeta potential analysis
3.3.11 Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
3.3.12 Viscosity
3.3.13 Measurement of contact angle
3.3.14 Electrical conductivity
3.3.15 Mechanical properties
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Properties of graphene foam and commercial graphene-based materials
4.1.1 Morphology
4.1.2 X-ray diffraction analysis
4.1.3 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis
4.1.4 Raman spectroscopy analysis
4.1.5 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis
4.1.6 Thermal properties
4.2 Properties of graphene-based materials mixed with polyester varnish binder
4.2.1 Visual observation
4.2.2 Viscosity analysis
4.2.3 Surface wettability analysis
4.2.4 Electrical conductivity properties
4.3 Properties of graphene-based inks
4.3.1 Effect of GNPs dispersed in various types of common solvents
4.3.1(a) Visual observation
4.3.1(b) Zeta potential analysis
4.3.1(c) UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis
4.3.1(d) Viscosity analysis
4.3.1(e) Surface wettability analysis
4.3.2 Effect of GNPs and GF dispersed in mixed solvents
4.3.2(a) Visual observation
4.3.2(b) Zeta potential analysis
4.3.2(c) UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis
4.3.2(d) Viscosity analysis
4.3.2(e) Surface wettability analysis
4.3.2(f) Morphology
4.4 Properties of graphene-based ink and graphene hybrid-based inks
4.4.1 Stability of GF ink, GF/AgNPs and GF/PEDOT:PSS hybrid inks
4.4.2 Physical properties of GF ink, GF/AgNPs and GF/PEDOT:PSS hybrid inks
4.4.3 Properties of printed GF ink and GF hybrid inks
4.4.4 Properties of printed GF/PEDOT:PSS hybrid ink for strain sensor
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS 
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations for future research
REFERENCES