Nerve-muscle junction physiology

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Table of contents

1 Neurophysiology 
1.1 Biology of neurons
1.1.1 Structure of neurons
1.1.1.1 From brain to neuronal cells
1.1.1.2 Neuron morphology
1.1.2 Function of neurons
1.1.2.1 Ions flux across the neural cell membrane
1.1.2.2 Neurotransmission
1.1.2.3 Action Potential
1.1.2.4 Local Field Potential
1.2 Electrophysiology
1.2.1 Macroscopic scale
1.2.1.1 Electroencephalogram – EEG
1.2.1.2 Electrocorticography – ECoG
1.2.2 Mesoscopic scale
1.2.2.1 Extracellular recordings
1.2.2.2 Optical techniques
1.2.3 Microscopic scale
1.2.3.1 Intracellular recordings
1.3 Magnetophysiology
1.3.1 Brain scale: magnetoencephalography
1.3.2 Local measurements
1.3.3 Magnetic field created by neurons
1.3.3.1 A very simple model of a single neuron
1.3.3.2 More sophisticated models of a single neuron
1.3.3.3 Assembly of neurons
1.3.3.4 Analysis of the models
1.3.4 Conclusion
2 Magnetic sensors 
2.1 Magnetic sensors for biomedical applications
2.1.1 Magnetic field amplitudes
2.1.2 Magnetic sensors for biomedical applications
2.1.2.1 SQUIDs
2.1.2.2 Atomic magnetometer
2.2 Magnetoresistive sensors
2.2.1 Spin electronics
2.2.2 Spin Valve -Giant MagnetoResistance
2.2.2.1 Sensor Magneto-Resistance (MR) ratio and sensitivity
2.2.3 SV sensor
2.2.3.1 Sensor shape
2.2.3.2 Contacts
2.3 Noise sources
2.3.1 Detectivity
2.3.2 Thermal noise (Johnson noise)
2.3.3 1/f noise (Flicker noise)
2.3.4 Random Telegraphic Noise (RTN)
2.3.5 Magnetic noise
2.4 Conclusion
3 Magnetrodes 
3.1 Probes fabrication
3.1.1 Sharp probe
3.1.1.1 Probe design
3.1.1.2 Sensor design
3.1.1.3 Probes microfabrication
3.1.1.4 Dry etching
3.1.1.5 Deposition techniques
3.1.1.6 Final probe shape
3.1.2 Planar probes
3.1.2.1 Probe design
3.1.2.2 Planar probe fabrication
3.1.3 Probes packaging
3.1.3.1 Connection
3.1.3.2 Packaging
3.2 Measurement methods and probe characterization
3.2.1 Magneto transport characterization methods
3.2.1.1 R(H) transfer curve
3.2.1.2 Response
3.2.1.3 Noise
3.2.2 Measurement methods
3.2.2.1 DC measurement
3.2.2.2 Capacitive coupling
3.2.2.3 AC measurement (frequency demodulation)
3.2.2.4 Sensitivity measurements
3.2.3 Probes characterization
3.2.3.1 Planar probes
3.2.3.2 Sharp probes
3.3 Phantom
3.3.1 Setup
3.3.2 Results
3.4 Conclusions
4 In vitro recordings 
4.1 Muscle experiment
4.1.1 Context and Objectives
4.1.1.1 Nerve-muscle junction physiology
4.1.1.2 Magnetic response modeling
4.1.1.3 Objectives
4.1.2 Experiment / Methods
4.1.3 Magnetic recordings
4.1.3.1 Magnetic sensors
4.1.3.2 Magnetic signal recordings
4.1.3.3 Geometry study
4.1.3.4 Pharmacology
4.1.3.5 Tetanus
4.1.3.6 Artefacts
4.1.3.7 Signal-to-noise
4.1.4 Electrophysiology recordings
4.1.5 Modeling
4.1.6 Discussion
4.2 Hippocampal slices experiment
4.2.1 Context and Objectives
4.2.1.1 Hippocampus physiology
4.2.1.2 Objectives
4.2.1.3 Simulation
4.2.1.4 Slice experiments
4.2.1.5 Magnetic recordings with sharp probes
4.2.1.6 Conclusion
5 In vivo recordings 
5.1 Objectives
5.2 Experiments / Methods
5.2.1 Sensors
5.2.1.1 Planar sensor
5.2.1.2 Sharp sensors
5.2.2 Experimental protocol
5.3 Results
5.3.1 AC mode
5.3.2 DC mode
5.3.3 Control experiments
5.3.3.1 I=0
5.3.3.2 Tangential direction
5.3.3.3 Removing tungsten
5.3.4 Conclusion and perspectives
Bibliography