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Table of contents
Introduction
1 Optical frequency standards
1.1 Optical clocks based on ions
1.2 Optical clocks based on neutral atoms
2 Neutral mercury from a frequency standards point of view
2.1 General properties of mercury
2.2 1S0 – 3P1 cooling transition
2.3 1S0 – 3P0 clock transition
2.3.1 Black body radiation sensitivity
2.3.2 Light shift and the magic wavelength
3 Experimental setup
3.1 Cooling light laser source at 253.7 nm
3.1.1 Yb:YAG thin-disk laser
3.1.2 Frequency doubling stages
3.1.3 Frequency lock on saturated absorption
3.2 Magneto-optical trapping of neutral mercury
3.2.1 Vacuum system
3.2.2 Detection scheme
3.2.3 Experiment operation cycle
3.2.4 MOT temperature and lifetime
3.3 Ultra-stable light laser source at 265.6 nm
3.3.1 Probe beam spatial filtering
3.4 Lattice trap light laser source at 362.5 nm
4 Improvements of the experimental setup
4.1 Cooling laser system improvements
4 CONTENTS
4.1.1 New cooling laser system
4.1.2 New doubling stage at 254 nm
4.2 New lattice trap
4.2.1 Lattice trap parabolic approximation
4.2.2 Test of the new lattice trap mirrors
4.2.3 Implementation of the new lattice trap
4.2.4 Characterisation of the new lattice trap
5 Spectroscopy experiments on 1S0 – 3P0 transition
5.1 Spectroscopy of 1S0 – 3P0 transition
5.2 Measurement of magnetic field at trapped atoms site
5.3 State selection and dark background
5.4 Frequency stability measurements
5.4.1 Interleaved lock
5.5 Systematic shifts
5.5.1 Collision shift
5.5.2 Lattice light shift estimation
5.5.3 Second order Zeeman shift
6 Conclusion
