Photon-Crystal lattice interaction, Raman and photoluminescence

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Table of contents

1 Introduction 
1.1 Scope of the Project
2 Theory 
2.1 The Kesterite CZTS
2.1.1 Material requirements and availability for multi-terawatt deployment of CZTS solar cells
2.1.2 The CZTS material
2.2 Secondary phase formation in CZTS
2.3 Analysis techniques
2.3.1 Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
2.3.2 Photon-Crystal lattice interaction, Raman and photoluminescence
3 Method 
3.1 Preparation of samples
3.1.1 Precursor deposition
3.1.2 High temperature anneal
3.1.3 Post-anneal ordering treatment
3.2 Characterization of samples
3.2.1 Elemental analysis
3.2.2 Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy setup
4 Results and discussion 
4.1 Compositional analysis
4.2 Components of a CZTS Raman spectrum
4.3 Secondary phase identification
4.4 Distribution of secondary phases
4.5 Identification of the single phase region
4.5.1 Influence of annealing conditions/partial sulfur pressure on SPR and secondary phase formation
4.6 Investigation of the CZTS cation disorder
4.7 Photoluminescence of CZTS
4.7.1 The effect of composition and annealing conditions on PL intensity
4.7.2 The effect of composition and annealing conditions on PL peak position
4.7.3 The photoluminescence’s dependence on cation order
5 Conclusion