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Table of contents
INTRODUCTION
1.1 THESIS OBJECTIVE
1.2 MOTIVATION
1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION ALONG ACTIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS
2.1 SUBDUCTION INITIATION
2.1.1 Induced nucleation of subduction
2.1.2 Spontaneous nucleation of subduction
2.1.3 Plume-induced subduction initiation
2.2 OPHIOLITES AND MECHANISMS FOR THEIR EMPLACEMENT
2.3 ACCRETIONARY VS. EROSIONAL REGIMES
2.4 ARC-CONTINENT COLLISION: INSIGHTS FROM ANALOGUE AND NUMERICAL MODELLING
2.4.1 Physical modelling of arc-continent collisions
2.4.2 Numerical models
2.5 GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC RESPONSES OF TRAPPED OCEANIC TERRANES
2.6 FOREARC BASINS
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF WESTERN ECUADOR
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
3.2.1 Western Cordillera crustal blocks
3.2.2 Volcanic and oceanic plateau remnants in the forearc region
3.2.3 Amotape-Tahuin Massif along NW Peru
3.3 PREVIOUS STUDIES
3.4 GEOPHYSICAL DATA AND METHODS
3.4.1 Analysis of gravity and magnetic anomalies
3.4.2 Data Constraints for 2-D forward models
3.5 ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL GEOPHYSICAL DATA
3.5.1 Seismic, gravity and magnetic anomalies
3.5.2 Forward models
3.6 DISCUSSION
3.6.1 Split of Rio Cala-San Lorenzo arc and development of a marginal basin?
3.6.2 Esmeraldas block – trailing edge of a different accreted sliver?
3.6.3 The southern suture zone (Gulf of Guayaquil) – a transform fault boundary
3.7 CONCLUSIONS
CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF SW ECUADOR
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 GEODYNAMIC AND GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS
4.2.1 North Andean Sliver
4.2.2 Basin Stratigraphy of SW Ecuador
4.2.3 Northern Peru
4.3 DATASET AND METHODOLOGY
4.4 RESULTS
4.4.1 Santa Elena High
4.4.2 Progreso Basin
4.4.3 Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes Basin
4.5 DISCUSSION
4.5.1 Possible effects on the margin following the arrival of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP)
4.5.2 From an unstable to a stable margin (Paleocene-Eocene stage)
4.5.3 Preservation of the Santa Elena accretionary wedge in SW Ecuador
4.5.4 Development of the Progreso and Gulf of Guayaquil – Tumbes basins
4.6 CONCLUSIONS
STRATIGRAPHY CONTROLLED BY THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN OUTER-FOREARC HIGH: PROGRESO BASIN
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 FOREARC DEVELOPMENT DURING THE CENOZOIC
5.3 SAMPLING AND METHODS
5.4 STRATIGRAPHIC EVOLUTION AND U-PB CONSTRAINTS
5.4.1 Youngest U-Pb zircon dates point to depositional age
5.4.2 The accretion series: the Paleocene Azúcar Formation
5.4.3 The Upper Paleocene – Lower Eocene accretionary series close to the Chongón-Colonche hills
5.4.4 The post-accretionary Eocene Ancón Group
5.4.5 The Progreso forearc basin and coeval sediments in the North Peninsula
5.5 SEISMIC INTERPRETATION
5.6 DISCUSSION
5.6.1 The accretionary prism and the post-accretion series
5.6.2 The outer forearc high
5.6.3 The shallow-water forearc basin infilling
5.7 CONCLUSIONS
TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC EVOLUTION AT THE TERMINATION OF A TRENCH-LINKED CONTINENTAL TRANSFORM BOUNDARY: GULF OF GUAYAQUIL-TUMBES BASIN, SOUTHERNMOST NORTHERN ANDES
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
6.2.1 Structure
6.2.2 Stratigraphic framework
6.3 DATA & METHODS
6.3.1 Structural & stratigraphic seismic interpretation
6.3.2 Outcrop exposures
6.4 TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS OF THE GGTB
6.4.1 Early to Middle Miocene (Unit 1)
6.4.2 Middle to Late Miocene (Unit 2)
6.4.3 Early Pliocene (Unit 3)
6.4.4 Plio-Pleistocene (Unit 4)
6.5 DISCUSSION
6.5.1 Basin type development at the termination of a trench-linked continental transform boundary
6.5.2 Oblique ridge development and implication to the depositional environment 188
6.5.3 Basin evolution of the GGTB
6.6 CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER PERSPECTIVES
7.1 REVEALING THE UNDERLYING FOREARC CRUSTAL STRUCTURE: FROM AN EARLY SPLIT-ARC TO A BUILT-IN MAGMATIC EVENT
7.2 AN INHERITED ACCRETIONARY WEDGE AND ITS INTERACTION TO THE PIÑON BACKSTOP
7.3 DEVELOPMENT OF A LOCALIZED OUTER FOREARC HIGH (OFH) AND FURTHER CONTROL ON FOREARC BASIN DEVELOPMENT
7.4 FURTHER PERSPECTIVES
