Principles of Holography

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Table of contents

1 Plasmonics and Optical Antennas 
1.1 A Short Introduction to Plasmonics
1.1.1 Surface Plasmon Polaritons
1.1.2 Localized Surface Plasmons
1.1.3 Single Particle Plasmon Resonances – The Quasi-Static Approximation
1.1.4 Theoretical Considerations beyond the Quasi-Static Limit: Retardation Effects
1.2 Optical Antennas
1.2.1 Properties of Optical Antennas
1.2.2 Nanoantenna Geometries
1.2.3 Applications of Optical Antennas – State of the Art
1.3 Conclusion
2 Digital Heterodyne Holography 
2.1 Historical Overview
2.2 Principles of Holography
2.2.1 Off-Axis Holography
2.3 Digital Holography
2.3.1 Numerical Holographic Reconstruction
2.3.2 Phase Shifting Holography
2.3.3 Digital Heterodyne Off-Axis Holography
2.3.4 Experimental Setup of DHH
2.4 Photothermal Heterodyne Holography
2.4.1 Experimental Setup of Photothermal DHH
2.5 Frequency Domain Detection by Heterodyne Holography
2.5.1 Application 1: Frequency-Resolved Temperature Imaging of Integrated Circuits
2.5.2 Application 2: Frequency Detection in the Brownian Regime of Gold Nanorods
2.5.3 Conclusion on Frequency Detection
2.6 Conclusion on Digital Heterodyne Holography
3 The Nanostructures under Study 
3.1 Design of the Nanostructures
3.1.1 Nanostructure Fabrication
3.2 Spectroscopy of Single Nanoobjects
3.3 FEM Simulation of Plasmonic Nanoobjects
3.3.1 Scattering in the Far-Field
3.3.2 Scattering in the Near-Field
3.3.3 Tests for Validation
3.4 Conclusion
4 Validation of Experimental Techniques on Elementary Nanoobjects 
4.1 Single Nanodisks
4.1.1 Light Scattering by a Single Disk
4.1.2 Near-Field of Single Disks
4.1.3 Holography of Single Disks
4.1.4 Conclusion on the Scattering Behaviour of Single Disks
4.2 Coupling of Two Nanodisks
4.2.1 Introduction to the Study of Two Coupled Disks
4.2.2 Plasmon Hybridization Model
4.2.3 Scattering Spectra of Two Coupled Disks
4.2.4 Study of Different Modes Excited in Two Coupled Disks
4.2.5 Conclusion on Two Coupled Nanodisks
4.3 Two Coupled Nanorods
4.3.1 Light Scattering of Coupled Rods
4.3.2 Near-Field of Single and Coupled Rods
4.3.3 3D Far-Field Images of Light Scattered by Coupled Rods
4.3.4 Conclusion on Coupled Rods
4.4 Conclusion
5 Extensive Study of Plasmonic Nanostructures 
5.1 Probing the Coupling of Nanodisk Chains by Spectroscopy
5.1.1 Longitudinal and Transverse Modes in Nanodisk Chains
5.1.2 Far-Field Scattering Revealing Near-Field Coupling in Nanodisk Chains
5.2 Far- and Near-Field Maps of Scattered Light by Nanodisk Chains
5.2.1 The Influence of the Chain Length on the Far-Field Maps
5.2.2 TE Wave and TM Wave Excitation
5.2.3 Imaging of Longitudinal and Transverse Modes in a Chain
5.2.4 Influence of the Exciting Wavelength
5.2.5 Probing the Coupling of Nanodisk Chains by Holography
5.2.6 Imaging of Directional Scattering
5.2.7 Conclusion on the Far- and Near-Field Maps of Nanodisk Chains .
5.3 Probing the Plasmonic Coupling of Disks by Heating
5.3.1 Comparison of Holographic and Photothermal Images
5.3.2 Photothermal Imaging of Nanostructures – An Analytical Analysis of the Photothermal Signal
5.3.3 Photothermal Signal and Absorption Cross Section
5.3.4 Photothermal Holography Reveals Coupling of Nanodisk Chains .
5.3.5 Conclusion on Photothermal Imaging of Nanodisk Chains
5.4 Coupled Triangles
5.5 Conclusion on the Application of Holography to Plasmonics
Conclusions and Prospects 
A FEM Simulation Parameters – Fresnel Coefficients 
A.1 Excitation Field in Reflection
A.2 Excitation Field in Transmission
B Square-Wave Function in Matlab 
Bibliography