Relationships between functional traits and agro-ecosystem properties

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Table of contents

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
A. DIVERSITY TO SUPPORT RESILIENCE AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Biodiversity in agro-ecosystem
Design and evaluation of crop diversification strategies
Trait-based approach for mixture design
B. LEGUMES: A CRUCIAL ROLE TO PLAY IN THE DIVERSIFICATION OF CROPPING SYSTEM
An underused diversity
Context in Europe
Properties of legumes and expected benefit for agro-ecosystems
1. Agro-ecosystem productivity
2. Improvement of crop nitrogen nutrition
3. Improvement of soil properties
4. Weed, pest and auxiliaries
5. Effect on climate change mitigation
C. PROBLEMATIC AND APPROACH OF THE THESIS
Research questions and general methodology
Hypotheses
Approach
D. REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2. EVALUATION OF PULSE CROPS’ FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY SUPPORTING FOOD PRODUCTION
A. INTRODUCTION
B. MATERIAL AND METHODS
Approach
Data sources
Data analysis
C. RESULTS
Variability of pulse crops agro-ecosystem properties
(Co-)variations of functional traits
Relationships between functional traits and agro-ecosystem properties
D. DISCUSSION
Plant production strategies among pulse species
Patterns of trait covariations and plant production strategies
From trait profiles to services
Limits
E. CONCLUSION
F. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
G. REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2. FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF PULSES’ SPECIES IN RELATION WITH AGROECOSYSTEM
PROPERTIES
A. INTRODUCTION
B. MATERIAL AND METHODS
Plant material and growing conditions
Measurements of individual plant traits
Measurement of agro-ecosystem properties
Data analysis
C. RESULTS
Consistency of functional trait space
Characterization of functional trait diversity
Trade-offs between agro-ecosystem properties
Relevant traits for prediction of agro-ecosystem properties and structuration of functional
diversity
D. DISCUSSION
Trait related to resource acquisition are less stable across growing conditions and
varieties than architectural traits
Intraspecific variation contributed only marginally to global variability
Leaf morphological traits confirmed as variability drivers among pulses
LMR and LAR reflect diverging biomass investment strategies
Yield is inversely related with Ndfa and soil cover
Trait-based predictions of agro-ecosystem properties
E. CONCLUSION
F. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
G. REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4. AN EXPLORATION OF THE VARIABILITY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO SOIL DRYING IN RELATION WITH C/N BALANCE ACROSS THREE SPECIES OF THE UNDER-UTILIZED GENUS VIGNA GENUS
A. INTRODUCTION
B. MATERIAL AND METHODS
Plant material and growing conditions
Dry-down experiment and N fixation activity
Data analysis
C. RESULTS
NARA and NTR variation along FTSW gradient
Variation of leaf traits
Relation between leaf traits and parameters of transpiration and N fixation dynamics
D. DISCUSSION
A very late response of transpiration to soil drying for all Vigna sp.
A high tolerance of N2 fixation to soil drying in Vigna sp.
Leaf traits as indicators of C and N metabolism changes under drought
E. CONCLUSION
F. ADDITIONAL RESULTS: C. ARIETINUM
Introduction
Material and Methods
Results
1. NARA and NTR variation along FTSW gradient
2. Variation of leaf traits
3. Relationships between leaf traits and parameters of transpiration and N fixation dynamics
Discussion
1. A very early response of transpiration to soil drying for C. arietinum
2. A high sensitivity of N2 fixation to soil drying in C.arietinum.
3. Leaf traits as indicators of C and N metabolism changes under drought
Conclusion
G. REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5. GENERAL DISCUSSION
A. OVERVIEW AND MAIN RESULTS OF THE THESIS
Synergies or trade-offs between water stress resistance, crop production and desired
support agro-ecosystem services
1. Pulses species and varieties incidence on agro-ecosystem property suites
2. Water deficit influence on agro-ecosystem properties rate and stability
Patterns of trait covariations and plant production strategies
1. Traits structuring pulses diversity
2. Trait co-variations and trade-offs
3. Traits variations between cultivars and growing conditions
From traits to agro-ecosystem services
1. Important traits for prediction of agro-ecosystem properties
2. Traits to agro-ecosystem properties
3. Trait variability as an indicator of the sensitivity of physiological process to environmental conditions
B. LIMITS
Trait choice
An unsatisfactory relation to agro-ecosystem services
Intra-specific variability
Trait-based approach applied to the study of diversified agro-ecosystem
C. PERSPECTIVES
D. REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6: GENERAL CONCLUSION
ANNEXES