Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation

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Table of contents

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 Stimulating the brain
1.1.1 A History
1.2 Electromagnetic principles
1.3 Stimulation parameters
1.3.1 The stimulator output
1.3.2 Coil design
1.3.3 Stimulation intensity
1.3.4 Temporal pulse spacing (frequency)
1.4 TMS application
1.5 Underlying biological mechanism of rTMS
1.5.1 Mathematical modelling
1.5.2 rTMS in animal models
1.5.3 Cortical excitability – Neuroplasticity
1.5.4 LTP-LTD
1.5.5 Calcium hypothesis
1.5.6 State dependent effects
1.5.7 Involvement of neuronal subclasses
1.5.8 Frequency effects on further signalling pathways
1.5.8.1 Downstream activation – converging pathways
1.5.8.2 Early response gene activation
1.5.8.3 BDNF regulation
1.6 Low intensity (LI) magnetic stimulation
1.6.1 Frequency-specific effects – underlying mechanisms
1.6.1.1 Neuroplasticity – Calcium signalling
1.6.1.2 Intracellular signalling
1.6.2 In conclusion
1.7 AIMS
1.7.1 Advantages of in vitro systems
1.7.2 Rationale of aims and experimental models
A. The effects of LI-rMS on the individual neuron
B. The effects of LI-rMS on neuronal circuit repair
B.1 The cerebellum, cerebellar cortex and olivary nucleus circuit
B.2 Olivo-cerebellar development
B.3 Olivo-cerebellar injury
B.4 Molecules involved in reinnervation
B.5 Cerebellar rTMS
C. Custom tailoring LI-rMS delivery to the in vitro set-up
CHAPTER 2 INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF LI-RMS ON SINGLE NEURONS AT A RANGE OF DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES: ANATOMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHANGES
Article 1
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CHAPTER 3 OPTIMIZING CUSTOM-TAILORED LI-RMS DELIVERY TO IN VITRO SET- UPS. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CREATION AND CONSTRUCTION FOR CHAPTER 4 IN VITRO EXPERIMENTAL REQUIREMENTS.
Article 2
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CHAPTER 4 INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF LI-RMS ON NEURAL CIRCUITS AT A RANGE OF FREQUENCIES: ANATOMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHANGES
Article 3
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CHAPTER 5 GENERAL DISCUSSION
5.1 What’s new
5.2 Theory of mechanism
5.2.1 Calcium hypothesis
5.2.1.1 Applied calcium hypothesis
5.2.1.2 Mechanism of stimulation-specific effects: cellular death
5.2.1.3 Neural circuit-specific effects
5.2.2 Stimulation load
5.3 Stimulation delivery
5.3.1 Stimulation delivery in our specific in vitro set-ups
5.4 Why does it all matter?
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES