Roles of the striatum in health and disease

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Table of contents

1 Anatomy of the striatal mosaic: multiple levels of organization at the core of the brain
1.1 The striatum and its position in the basal ganglia loop
1.2 The striatum is at the crossroad of forebrain connectivity
1.2.1 Main inputs to the striatum
1.2.2 Striatal output connectivity
1.2.3 Axonal pathways traverse the striatum
1.3 Striatal projection neurons form direct and indirect pathways
1.3.1 Striatal projection neurons
1.3.2 Direct and indirect pathway projection neurons have different properties
1.3.3 Striatal interneurons
1.4 Anatomical subregions of the striatum related to connectivity
1.4.1 Dorsal striatum versus ventral striatum
1.4.2 Striosome and matrix compartments in the dorsal striatum
1.4.3 Dorso-lateral versus dorso-medial striatum
1.4.4 Topologic organization of corticostriatal input
2 Roles of the striatum in health and disease
2.1 The striatum: from motor control to habit learning
2.1.1 The classic “go/no go” model of striatal function
2.1.2 The role of dopamine in SPN excitability
2.1.3 Synaptic plasticity and reward in SPN
2.1.4 The role of dorsal striatum in habit learning based on reward
2.2 Pathologies associated with striatal function
2.2.1 Neurodegenerative disorders: Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease
2.2.2 Cognitive dysfunctions: schizophrenia, autistic spectrum and obsessivecompulsive disorders
3 Development of the striatum and related structures
3.1 Establishment of progenitor domains in early embryonic development
3.1.1 Regionalization of the forebrain
3.1.2 Proliferative domains within the ventral telencephalon
3.2 Neuronal progenitors in the ventral telencephalon
3.3 Genetic control of neurogenesis in the ventral telencephalon
3.4 Radial and tangential migration in the ventral telencephalon
3.4.1 Radial migration of projection neurons
3.4.2 Tangential migration of interneurons
3.4.3 Tangential migration of projection neurons
3.4.4 Tangential migration from the lateral ganglionic eminence generates guidepost cells for thalamo-cortical axons
3.5 Differentiation of striatal projection neurons
3.5.1 Molecular regulators of striatal projection neuron (SPN) development
3.5.2 Known molecular actors in dSPN development
3.5.3 Specification and Maintenance of iSPN rely on epigenetic control
3.6 Development of striatal compartments and circuitry
3.6.1 Contribution of striatal projection neurons to striosomes or matrix is defined by time of birth
3.6.2 Survival of striatal projection neurons depends on external sources
3.6.3 Dendritogenesis and Synaptogenesis in striatal projection neurons
4 Transcription factor Ebf1 is a master gene for cell fate specification and neuronal differentiation
4.1 General presentation of the Ebf gene family
4.1.1 Ebf genes in mammals
4.1.2 Roles of COE genes in the specification and differentiation of different cell lineages
4.2 Function of Ebf1 in B-cell specification
4.3 An emerging role for Ebf1 in direct pathway neurons development