Simulation results for parallel motion of the particles

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Table of contents

Chapter 1 The magnetosphere and the space instruments used in this thesis
1.1 The Earth’s magnetosphere
1.2 Plasma in the near-Earth magnetotail
1.2.1 Tail Lobes
1.2.2 Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer
1.2.3 Plasma Sheet
1.3 The Cluster mission
1.3.1 The CIS instrument
1.3.2 The FGM instrument
1.3.3 The EFW instrument
1.3.4 The RAPID instrument
1.4 The Double Star Program
1.5 The cl software
Chapter 2 Nonadiabatic acceleration of ions
2.1 Adiabatic invariants for charged particles in the electromagnetic field
2.1.1 First Adiabatic Invariant
2.1.2 Second Adiabatic Invariant
2.1.3 Third Adiabatic Invariant
2.2 Nonadiabatic acceleration of ions by spatial variations of the magnetic field
2.3 Nonadiabatic acceleration of ions by temporal variations of the magnetic field
2.3.1 Simulation results for parallel motion of the particles
2.3.2 Simulation results for perpendicular motion of the particles
2.3.3 Observations and statistical results
Chapter 3 Specific energy flux structures formed by the nonadiabatic accelerations of ions
3.1 Observations by CIS instrument
3.2 Observations by EFW and RAPID instruments
3.3 Wavelet analysis of the magnetic and electric field
3.4 Discussion about the formation of the ‘energy flux holes’
3.4.1 Possibility of nonadiabatic acceleration by the spatial variation of the magnetic field
3.4.2 Possibility of nonadiabatic acceleration by the temporal variation of the magnetic field
3.5 Discussion about the ‘sporadic ions’ inside the energy flux holes
3.6 Comparisons between the observed and the simulated spectrum
3.7 Similar events observed by Cluster in the south of the plasma sheet
3.8 Similar events observed by Cluster and Double Star TC-1 in the ring current
3.9 Conclusions
Chapter 4 Global frequency distributions of pulsations driven by sharp decrease of solar wind dynamic pressure
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Interplanetary shocks and the associated geomagnetic pulsations
4.1.2 The theory of Field Line Resonance (FLR)
4.1.3 The theory of cavity resonance mode
4.1.4 Twin-vortex current system in the ionosphere
4.2 Observations
4.2.1 Observations by spacecraft
4.2.2 Geomagnetic response at subauroral and auroral latitudes
4.2.3 Global characteristics of pulsations at subauroral and auroral latitudes
4.2.4 The characteristics of pulsations at different latitudes around the same local times
4.2.5 Comparison between the pulsations driven by sharp increase and sharp decrease of Psw
4.3 Discussions
4.4 Conclusions
Conclusions et perspectives (en français)
Conclusions and perspectives (in English)