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Table of contents
1 Introduction
1.1 A brief industrial history of laminated glass
1.2 Impact on laminated glass
1.2.1 Standard tests
1.2.2 Kinematics of impact on laminated glass
1.2.3 Previous works on impact
1.3 Questions
2 Methods
2.1 Laminated glass assembly
2.2 Silanization
2.3 Mechanical behavior of the interlayer
2.3.1 Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
2.3.2 Rheology
2.3.3 Uniaxial tension
2.4 Different models to describe the constitutive behavior of the interlayer
2.4.1 Small strain description: Generalized Maxwell model
2.4.2 Hyperelasticity: Arruda-Boyce model
2.5 Delamination experiments on laminated glass
2.5.1 Peel test
2.5.2 Through crack tensile test
2.6 Optical methods
2.6.1 Video acquisition
2.6.2 Digital image correlation
2.6.3 Photoelasticity
2.7 Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.8 X-ray scattering
3 A complex structure and rheology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Poly(Vinyl Butyral) interlayer
3.2.1 Chemistry
3.2.2 Hydroxyl groups
3.3 Rheology of the PVB
3.3.1 Small strain viscoelasticity
3.3.2 Large strain uniaxial tension
3.4 Strain induced birefringence
3.4.1 Influence of strain rate and temperature on birefringence
3.4.2 Birefringence during relaxation experiment
3.4.3 Partial conclusion
3.5 Evidence of a second phase
3.5.1 An exothermic signal
3.5.2 Evidence through X-ray scattering
3.5.3 A schematic model of the structure
3.6 A rheological model: two dissipation mechanisms
4 Model delamination experiment
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Description of a typical Through Crack Tensile Test
4.3 Influence of velocity and temperature on delamination: phase diagram
4.3.1 Results
4.3.2 Comparison with previous studies
4.4 Distribution of the deformation of the interlayer in the TCT test
4.4.1 Deformation zone measured by photoelasticity
4.4.2 Fast stretching zone measured in DIC
4.4.3 Dependence of the fast stretching zone length on applied velocity and temperature
4.5 Conclusion
5 Energy dissipation during delamination
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Macroscopic work of fracture
5.3 Impact of the interlayer thickness
5.4 Different zones of dissipation
5.5 Modeling the bulk stretching of the interlayer
5.6 Dissipated energy
5.7 Influence of the temperature and applied velocity on the dissipation mechanism
5.8 Discussion and Conclusion
6 Interface modification – Preliminary results
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Impact of silanization on the interface and on the peel work of fracture
6.3 Impact of an interface modification on the TCT test response
6.3.1 Different steady state delamination regimes
6.3.2 Steady state delamination for the lower adhesion
6.3.3 A change in the dissipated energies
6.4 Discussion
6.5 Conclusion
7 Finite element modeling description
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cohesive zone model for the interfacial rupture
7.3 Model description
7.4 Recovering a steady state delamination
7.4.1 Decohesion processes
7.4.2 Hydrostatic stress induced by the boundary conditions and the incompressibility
7.4.3 Energy flows balance
7.4.4 Far field measurements
7.5 Two zones of dissipation
7.5.1 The fast stretching zone
7.5.2 Near crack process zone
7.6 Near crack work of fracture
7.7 Impact of interlayer relaxation time and work of separation
7.7.1 Work of separation
7.7.2 Viscoelastic relaxation time
7.8 Coupling between the near crack and bulk stretch responses.
7.9 Conclusion
8 Conclusions and perspectives
Résumé en français
Appendices
A Effect of the thermal treatment during laminated glass preparation on the mechanical behavior of the interlayer
B Arruda Boyce Model
Bibliography
Abstract
