Stable isotopes of methane

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Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The role of Methane in global warming and climate change
1.2 The Future of Methane
1.3 Uncertainties in Methane emissions estimates
1.4 Anthropogenic Methane Source identification
1.4.1 Methane Formation
1.4.2 VOC Emission Ratios
1.4.3 Stable Isotopes of Methane
1.5 Thesis
1.5.1 Instrumentation
1.5.2 Source Apportionment: developments and tests
1.5.3 Application to field measurements
Chapter 2 Characterisation of interferences to in-situ observations of methane isotopes and C2H6 when using a Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer 
2.1 Summary of Chapter 2
2.2 Introduction
2.3 Methods
2.3.1 Experimental Setup
2.3.2 C2H6 calibration setup
2.3.3 Determining the correction for isotopes
2.3.4 Calibration of isotopes
2.4 Results and Discussion
2.4.1 Correcting reported C2H6
2.4.2 C2H6 calibration
2.4.3 Isotopic correction
2.4.4 Isotopic calibration
2.4.5 Typical instrumental performance and uncertainties
2.4.6 Generalisability of corrections and calibrations
2.5 Source Identification at a Natural Gas Compressor Station
2.5.1 Description of field campaign
2.5.2 Impact of C2H6 on isotopic observations at the field site
2.5.3 Continuous field measurements of ethane
2.5.4 Use of continuous observations of C2H6: CH4 by CRDS
2.5.5 Combined method for CH4 source apportionment
2.6 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3 Can we separate industrial CH4 emission sources from atmospheric observations? – A test case for carbon isotopes, PMF and enhanced APC
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methods
3.2.1 Description of Dataset
3.2.2 Methods used for source apportionment
3.3 Results & Discussions
3.3.1 Observations at the natural gas compressor station
3.3.2 Analysing the time-series using isotopic data
3.3.3 Analysing the time-series using modified APCA
3.3.4 Analysing the time-series using PMF
3.4 Conclusions
3.5 Supplemental materials: Sensitivity studies
S3.1 Creation of pseudo data
S3.2 Sensitivity Tests
S3.3 Sensitivity Test Results
Chapter 4 Fugitive methane source characterisation of biogenic sources in the Ile de France region.
4.1 Characterising CH4 emissions from dairy farming in Ile-de-France
4.1.1 Site Description of the Grignon farm
4.1.2 Mobile Campaign: 1st May 2017, 9am – Midday
4.1.3. Autumn Field Campaign: 19th Oct – 27th Nov 2016
4.1.4 Spring Field Campaign: 10th of April until the 1st May 2017
4.1.5 Comparison of Autumn & Spring campaigns
4.1.6 Grignon farm Conclusion
4.2. CH4 Emissions from the waste management sector
4.2.1 Waste Water Treatment Facility: St Thibault-des-Vignes
4.2.2 Waste Water Treatment Facility: Cergy Pontoise
4.2.3 Landfill: Butte Bellot
4.2.4 Waste Management Conclusion
4.3 Conclusion
Chapter 5 Thesis Conclusions & Outlooks
Chapter 6 References