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Table of contents
Introduction
I. State of the art
1. The properties of starch and staple starch-rich foods – an overview
2. Starch in Human nutrition – Digestion and physiological response
3. In vivo approaches to study digestion
4. Digestion studies using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
5. In vitro approaches to study digestion
Objectives
II. In vitro studies
CHAPTER 1 – The impor tant role of sal ivary amylase in gas t r ic digest ion of wheat bread starch
1. Int roduct ion
2. Mater ial s and Methods
3. Resul t s and Di scuss ion
Conclus ion
Key -mes sages
CHAPTER 2 – Orogastrointest inal digest ion of starch in whi te bread.
1. Int roduct ion
2. Mater ial s and Methods
3. Resul t s
4. Di scus sion
Conclus ion
CHAPTER 3 – Acid induced reduct ion of the glycaemi c response to s tar ch – r ich foods: The sal ivary amylase inhibition hypothesi
1. Int roduct ion
2. Mater ial s and Methods
3. Resul t s
4. Di scus sion
CHAPTER 4 – Inhibi tory ef fec t of black tea, lemon juice, and other beverages on sal ivary and pancreat ic amylases: What impact on bread s tar ch digest ion? A dynamic in vi t ro study.
1. Int roduct ion
2. Mater ial s and Methods
3. Resul t s and Di scuss ion
Conclus ion
Supplementary data
Key mes sages
III. In vivo studies
Out l ine and preparat ion of the c l inical study
CHAPTER 1 – Lemon juice lowers the postprandial plasma glucose response to bread in healthy volunteers
1. Int roduct ion
2. Subject s and Methods
3. Resul t s
4. Di scus sion
Conclus ion
Key mes sages
CHAPTER 2 – Reduct ion of the glycaemi c response to bread in the presence of lemon juice: MRI investigationson gastric proces s ing and emptying
1. Int roduct ion
2. Subject s and Methods
3. Resul t s
4. Di scus sion
Conclus ion
Key mes sages
IV. General conclusions and Perspectives
General conc lusions
1. The cont r ibut ion of sal ivary amylase to s tar ch digest ion
2. Complementar i ty between enzymat i c as says, in vi t ro and in vivo studies
3. At tenuat ion of the glycaemi c response in the presence of lemon jui ceunder lying mechani sms Perspectives
1. Re-evaluat ion of the proces s of starch digestion
2. Improvement of in vi t ro protocols
3. Complete the analysi s of the MRI data
4. Future MRI studies
References
