State of the art of hot carrier solar cell models

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Table of contents

Remerciements
Résumé
Abstract
List of figures
List of tables
Introduction
Bibliography
1 The hot carrier solar cell concept
1.1 Principles of the hot carrier solar cell
1.2 Detailed balance models and limit of eciency
1.3 The mechanisms of carrier thermalization
1.3.1 Carrier-carrier scattering
1.3.2 Electron/hole-phonon interaction
1.3.3 Electron-hole plasma dynamic
1.4 Energy selective contacts for carrier extraction
1.4.1 Role of selective contacts
1.4.2 Technological feasibility
Bibliography
2 Heat losses in the selective contacts
2.1 Models of non-ideal contacts
2.1.1 Landauer formalism
2.1.2 Transport in low dimensional structures
2.2 Analytical model
2.2.1 State of the art of hot carrier solar cell models
2.2.2 Formulation of the problem
2.2.3 The Boltzman distribution approximation
2.2.4 Other approximations
2.2.5 Analytical formulation
2.2.6 Eciency and losses
2.3 Results of simulations
2.3.1 Validation of the model
2.3.2 Criticality of the transmission range
2.3.3 Optimal extraction energy
2.3.4 Impact of contact conductance
2.4 Conclusion
Bibliography
3 Experimental study of carrier thermalization
3.1 Hot carrier spectroscopy
3.1.1 Continuous wave photoluminescence (CWPL)
3.1.2 Ultrafast spectroscopy
3.1.3 Steady state and transient state
3.2 Description of samples
3.2.1 Material selection
3.2.2 Strained samples
3.2.3 Lattice-matched samples
3.3 Experimental setup
3.3.1 Setup A
3.3.2 Setup B
3.3.3 Comparison
3.3.4 Excitation power density
3.4 Experimental results: temperature determination and thermalization rate measurement
3.4.1 Photoluminescence spectra analysis
3.4.2 Qualitative study of carrier thermalization
3.4.3 Carrier thermalization time and thermalization rate
3.4.4 Inuence of the lattice temperature
3.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
4 Simulation of thermal losses in the absorber
4.1 Basic mechanisms and models
4.1.1 Electron-phonon and phonon-phonon energy transfer
4.1.2 The phonon bottleneck eect
4.1.3 Carrier energy loss rate reduction
4.2 Introduction of heat losses in the energy balance
4.2.1 Constant characteristic time for thermalization
4.2.2 Thermalization coecient
4.2.3 Charge and energy balance
4.3 Results and discussion
4.3.1 Validation of the model
4.3.2 Inuence of thermalization in the absorber
4.3.3 Thermalization and concentration
4.3.4 Thermalization and selective contacts
4.4 Conclusion
Bibliography
5 Eciency of realistic cells
5.1 Absorption
5.2 The hot carrier solar cell in practical conditions: achievable eciency
5.2.1 Numerical resolution
5.2.2 Validation
5.2.3 Achievable eciency
5.3 A roadmap to 50% eciency
5.3.1 Control of thermalization
5.3.2 Carrier extraction
5.3.3 Cell design and synthesis
5.4 Conclusion
Conclusion
A Band gaps of III-V multinary compounds
B Propagation of light in a layered medium
Bibliography