The ability of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)

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Table of contents

Chapter 1 General introduction 
Context
Pesticide sources and surface water contaminants
Pesticide transport and interactions from diffuse sources to surface waters
Atrazine and S-metolachlor as examples of surface water contamination
Pesticide abiotic degradation pathways in the water column
The sediment–water interface as a reactive interface in the surface water
Pesticide exchange and degradation at the hyporheic zone (HZ)
Tracking pesticide degradation in rivers
Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) to track in situ degradation
Research priorities and implications
Thesis Goal and Objectives
Thesis Outline
References
Chapter 2. Pesticide extraction from soil and sediments for compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Sampling location
Sediment collection and characterization
Selection of the extractant
Sample preparation for method validation
Optimized extraction procedure
Pesticide quantification and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Results and discussion
Selection of the extractant
Extraction method validation
Further improvements
Environmental implications
References
Chapter 3. Direct and indirect photodegradation of atrazine and S-metolachlor in agriculturally impacted surface water and associated C and N isotope fractionation 
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Chemicals and preparation of solutions
Experimental section
Analytical section
Data Analysis
Results and discussion
Effects of the hydrochemistry on the photodegradation rates under simulated sunlight
Formation of phototransformation products
C and N isotope fractionation to trace atrazine and S-metolachlor photodegradation
Environmental Implications
References
Chapter 4. Phase-transfer and biodegradation of acetochlor and S-metolachlor in water–sediment
systems
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Sediment sampling and characteristics
Experimental set-up
Control experiments
Pesticide extraction and quantification
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Suspect screenings of transformation products
Phase-transfer and biodegradation modelling
Results and discussion
Dissipation kinetics and isotope fractionation
Water–sediment phase-transfer and implications for interpreting degradation kinetics
Water–Sediment Phase-Transfer and Implications for Interpreting Isotope
Signatures.
Pesticide degradation pathways
Environmental implications for water–sediment studies
References
Chapter 5. Organic pollutant biodegradation at the sediment–water interface in a bench-scale river channel: insights of compound specific isotopes analysis (CSIA) 
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Sediment characterizations
Batch sorption and biodegradation experiments
Bench-scale river channel
Dynamic biodegradation experiment
Caffeine extraction and quantification
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Flow reactive transport modelling
Results and discussion
Caffeine sorption and degradation batch experiments
Influence of water flow on the depth of the oxic layer in sediment
Influence of water flow on caffeine biodegradation at the SWI
Environmental implications and perspectives
References
Chapter 6. Persistence of S-metolachlor in rivers: Insights from compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) 
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Catchment description
S-metolachlor applications
Sampling locations
Continuous sampling
Grab sampling
S-metolachlor extraction and quantification
S-metolachlor loads and mass balance
S-metolachlor compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Results and discussion
Catchment hydrological response
Off-site transport of S-metolachlor
S-metolachlor dissipation along the river during the season
Point versus non-point sources apportionment
S-metolachlor isotope signature along the river
Degradation of S-metolachlor in the river reach
Potential of the CSIA approach
Environmental significance
References
Chapter 7. General conclusion 
Introduction
A compartment system
Key findings for the sediment–water interface
Implications
References
Chapter 8. Perspectives and implications