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Table of contents
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Main Abbreviations
Introduction
Preamble
1/ Classical view: sensory information solely comes from the periphery to the spinal cord
1.1) Dorsal root ganglia neurons
1.2) Cutaneous mechanoreceptors of touch
1.3) Cutaneous low threshold thermoreceptors
1.4) Proprioceptive DRG neurons (proprioceptors)
1.5) Nociceptive DRG neurons (nociceptors)
2/ A recent discovery: the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons form an interoceptive system in the spinal cord
2.1) Definition of the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons
2.2) Spinal CSF-cNs are mechanosensory cells
2.3) The role of spinal CSF-cNs in the modulation of locomotion and posture in response to mechanical stimuli
3/ Chemosensory systems in fish
3.1) The olfactory system
3.2) The gustatory system
3.3) The solitary chemosensory cells system
3.4) Are spinal CSF-cNs chemosensory cells forming a novel chemosensory system in the CNS?
Aim of the thesis
Chapter I: Development of a novel protocol for primary cell cultures of spinal CSF-cNs
1) Optimization of a new primary cell culture protocol of spinal CSF-cNs
1.1) Preparations prior to cell culture
1.2) Initial feeder layer of wild-type zebrafish cells
1.3) Second layer of fluorescently labeled spinal CSF-cNs
2) Electrophysiological properties of spinal CSF-cNs in vitro
2.1) In vitro spinal CSF-cNs exhibit characteristic high membrane resistance
2.2) Spinal CSF-cNs showed phasic and tonic firing in vitro
2.3) Spinal CSF-cNs conserved their channel opening properties in vitro
3) Molecular characterization of spinal CSF-cNs in vitro
Conclusion and perspectives
Methods
Chapter II: Transcriptome analysis of spinal CSF-cNs reveals numerous receptors to chemical cues
1) Transcriptome analysis of spinal CSF-cNs
1.1) Receptors for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators
1.2) Hormones receptors
1.3) Peptides receptors
1.4) Taste receptors
1.5) Immune-related receptors
2) Stimulation of spinal CSF-cNs with receptor agonists in vitro
Conclusion and perspectives
Methods
Chapter III: Sensory neurons detect pneumococci and promote survival in central nervous system infection
Introduction
Sensory neurons detect pneumococci and promote survival in central nervous system infection
Discussion and perspectives
1) Spinal CSF-cNs as sensors for neuromodulators in the CSF
2) Spinal CSF-cNs are interoceptive chemosensory neurons involved in innate immunity
2.1) Spinal CSF-cNs detect bacterial metabolites during bacterial infection
2.2) Spinal CSF-cNs increase host survival during bacterial infection
2.3) What other immune-related metabolites are detected by spinal CSF-cNs?
3) Spinal CSF-cNs chemosensory functions in the regulation of locomotion
4) Spinal CSF-cNs contribute to morphogenesis
5) Can spinal CSF-cNs detect or respond to sex hormones?
Conclusion and Perspectives
References
