The deuterium fractionation

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Table of contents

1 Introduction 
1.1 The formation of a Sun-like star and its planetary system
1.2 Molecules in star forming regions: our astrochemical origins
1.2.1 Deuterium fractionation
1.3 Previous observations and related limits
2 Methods 
2.1 Radiative transfer
2.2 Spectral line fundamentals
2.3 Rotation diagram analysis
2.3.1 Multiplets
2.3.2 Large Velocity Gradient (LVG) approach
2.4 Molecular lines
2.4.1 Spin statistic
3 Observations 
3.1 Single-dish antennas: basic concepts
3.2 The IRAM-30m large program ASAI
3.3 Interferometers: basic concepts
3.4 ALMA Cycle 1 and Cycle 4 observations
4 Chemical complexity around Class 0 protostars 
4.1 The pristine jet-disk system in HH212
4.2 Deuteration on a solar system scale around HH212
4.2.1 Line spectra and maps
4.2.2 Methanol deuteration
4.2.3 Emitting region of deuterated methanol
4.2.4 Single deuterated methanol CH3OD
4.2.5 Conclusions on HH212 deuteration
4.3 iCOMs and water in HH212: accretion shocks and disk winds
4.3.1 Line spectra and maps
4.3.2 Physical properties
4.3.3 Kinematics
4.3.4 Conclusions on iCOMs
5 Chemical complexity in a later Class I protostellar stage 
5.1 The SVS13-A Class I laboratory
5.2 Decrease of deuteration in Class I objects
5.2.1 Line identification
5.2.2 Formaldehyde isotopologues
5.2.3 Methanol isotopologues
5.2.4 Conclusions on the line identification
5.2.5 LVG analysis
5.2.6 Rotation Diagram analysis
5.2.7 Methanol and formaldehyde deuteration
5.2.8 The [CH2DOH]/[CH3OD] ratio
5.2.9 D/H of organics: from Class 0 to Class I
5.2.10 Conclusions on deuteration
5.3 From Class 0 to Class I: chemical heritage
5.3.1 Ketene (H2CCO)
5.3.2 Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)
5.3.3 Methyl Formate (HCOOCH3)
5.3.4 Dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3)
5.3.5 Formamide (NH2CHO)
5.3.6 Constraints on other iCOMs
5.3.7 Conclusions on iCOMs
6 Conclusions 
6.1 Deuterium fractionation to shed light on the past
6.2 On the nature of a hot-corino
6.3 How chemistry evolves from the Class 0 to the Class I phase
6.4 iCOMs abundances: new constraints and related limits
7 Perspectives: the NOEMA-SOLIS revolution
Bibliography

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