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Table of contents
Chapter 1. State of the art and objectives
1.1 Rare earth elements (REEs)
1.1.1 What are REEs?
1.1.2 REE applications
1.1.3 Source of REEs
1.1.4 REE reserves and major mining deposits
1.1.5 REE production
1.2 REEs in the environment
1.2.1 REEs in soil
1.2.2 REE transfer and toxicity to microorganisms
1.2.3 REE transfer and toxicity to aquatic environment
1.2.4 REE transfer and toxicity to plants
1.2.5 REE transfer and toxicity to humans
1.3 Arbuscular mycorrhizae
1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.2 Effects of AMF on plants
1.3.3 Effect of AMF on plant in metallic polluted soils
1.4 Objectives
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Soil, plant and mycorrhizal fungi
2.1.1 Soil
2.1.2 Plants
2.1.3 Mycorrhizal fungi
2.2 Experiment design
2.2.1 Seed germination
2.2.2 Pot experiments
2.2.3 Compartment experiments
2.2.4 Growth conditions and watering
2.2.5 Spore germination tests
2.3 Analysis
2.3.1 Bioavailability of REEs in soil
2.3.2 Total REE and major elements analysis in soil and plant
2.3.3 Root mycorrhizal colonization
2.3.4 Data analysis
Chapter 3. Bioavailability and transfer of elevated Sm concentration to alfalfa in spiked soils .. 55 Bioavailability and transfer of elevated Sm concentration to alfalfa in spiked soils
Chapter 4. No significant transfer of the rare earth element samarium from spiked soil to alfalfa by Funneliformis mosseae
Chapter 5. Transfer of La, Ce, Sm and Yb to alfalfa and ryegrass from spiked soil and contribution of mycorrhizal inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae
Chapter 6. Availability and toxicity to AM fungi of REE contaminated soils from ionic mine tailings in China
Chapter 7. General discussion, conclusion and perspectives
7.1 General discussion
7.1.1 What are the bioavailability of REEs in the soil and their effects on plants?
7.1.2 Effect of an AM fungus on plants growing in an REE contaminated soil and on the transfer of REEs to the plant?
7.1.3 Effects of an AM fungus on plants growing in a soil with multiple REE contamination and on the transfer of these REEs to plants?
7.1.4 What are the bioavailability of REEs in historically contaminated mining tail soils and their effects on AMF?
7.2 Perspectives
7.3 Conclusion
References
