The electrolyte of a SOFC

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Table of contents

CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE SURVEY 
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURE OF A SOFC
2.1. ELECTROLYTE
2.1.1. Doped zirconia
2.1.2. Doped ceria
2.2. ANODE MATERIAL AND THREE-PHASE BOUNDARY
2.3. CATHODE
3. OXIDATION MECHANISM ON SOFC ANODE
4. SOFC ELECTRODE POLARIZATION
5. EFFECTS OF SULFIDE POLLUTANTS
5.1.MAJOR COMPONENTS OF BIOGAS
5.2.MINOR COMPONENTS OF BIOGAS
5.3. EFFECTS OF SULFIDE COMPOUNDS ON SOFC
5.4. LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF A SOFC UNDER H2S
6. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND PROCEDURES 
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
3. IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY
3.1. PRINCIPLE OF MEASURE AND ANALYSIS
3.2. THE CAPACITIVE DOUBLE LAYER
3.3. ORIGIN OF INDUCTIVE ELEMENTS
3.4. EQUIPMENT
4. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM)
5. X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD)
6. EXPERIMENTS
6.1. GAS FLOW CONTROL
6.2. HOME-MADE IN SITU CELL (LEPMI)
6.3. INVESTIGATIONS OF H2S AND NI REACTION
6.3.1. Ni pellet making
6.3.2. Contact with H2S at a working temperature
6.3.3. Contact with H2S during the heating process
6.4. INVESTIGATIONS OF H2S AND NI-CGO REACTION
6.4.1. Powder mixing
6.4.2. Ni-CGO pellet making
6.4.3. Ni-CGO pellet characterizations
6.4.3.1. Raman spectrum of doped CeO2 from literature
6.4.3.2. Raman spectra of Ni-CGO
6.4.3.3. Morphology of Ni-CGO pellet
6.4.4. Investigation procedure for H2S and Ni-CGO reaction
6.5. HALF-CELL NI-YSZ/YSZ
6.5.1. Sample construction
6.5.2. Sample installation
6.5.3. Experimental procedure
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF H2S ON ANODE MATERIALS 
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RAMAN SPECTRA OF NICKEL SULFIDE COMPOUNDS
2.1. NI3S2
2.2. NIS
2.3. THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF NIS AND NI3S2
2.3.1. NiS
2.3.2. Ni3S2
2.4. OTHER NICKEL SULFIDES
3. IMPACTS OF H2S ON NI PELLET
3.1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE REACTION KINETICS AND PRODUCTS
3.1.1. In situ Raman spectroscopy
3.1.1.1.􀀃At􀀃200°C􀀃
3.1.1.2.􀀃At􀀃300°C􀀃and􀀃500°C􀀃
3.1.1.3.􀀃At􀀃800°C􀀃
3.1.2. Phase identifications by X-ray diffraction
3.1.3. Conclusion on the reactivity of H2S on Ni with temperature
3.2. SURFACE MORPHOLOGY CHANGES
3.2.1. In situ optical imagery monitor
3.2.2. Ex situ investigations by Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2.3. Conclusion
3.3. IMPACTS OF H2S ON NI PELLET DURING THE HEATING PROCESS
4. IMPACTS OF H2S ON NI-CGO ANODE MATERIAL
4.1. AT 715°C AND ABOVE
4.1.1. Formation of nickel sulfide crystals at 715°C
4.1.1.1.􀀃Spatial􀀃distribution􀀃of􀀃sulfide􀀃compounds􀀃inside􀀃the􀀃pellet􀀃
4.1.1.2.􀀃Conclusion􀀃
4.1.2. Disappearances of nickel sulfide crystals at higher than 715°C
4.1.2.1.􀀃Spatial􀀃distribution􀀃of􀀃sulfide􀀃compounds􀀃inside􀀃the􀀃pellet􀀃
4.1.2.2.􀀃Conclusion􀀃
4.1.3. Morphological changes under H2S at above 715°C
4.2. AT 500°C
4.3. AT 200°C
5. REMOVAL OF NICKEL SULFIDES
5.1. AT 850°C IN AR
5.2. AT 715°C IN 3%H2/AR
6. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4 EFFECT OF H2S ON ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFC ANODE 
1. INTRODUCTION
2. REVIEW OF IMPEDANCE STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF H2S ON SOFCS
3. GENERAL ANALYSIS OF IMPEDANCE SPECTRA OBTAINED AT 500°C
3.1. TYPICAL SHAPES OF IMPEDANCE SPECTRA
3.2. STRUCTURE AND SHAPE OF CONCENTRATION IMPEDANCE
3.3. PROPOSED EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
4. CHARACTERIZATION OF ANODE INITIAL STATE AT 500°C IN CLEAN FUEL
4.1. 500MV-CELL
4.2. OCP-CELL
4.3. DISCUSSION
5. EFFECT OF H2S ON 500 MV-POLARIZING CELL (500MV-CELL) AT 500°C
5.1. AGING BEHAVIOR IN CLEAN FUEL
5.2. EFFECT OF H2S ON THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
5.3. CONCLUSION
6. EFFECT OF H2S ON CELL IN OPEN CIRCUIT CONDITION (OCP-CELL) AT 500°C
6.1. AGING BEHAVIOR IN CLEAN FUEL
6.2. EFFECTS OF H2S ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
6.3. CONCLUSION
7. CORRELATION BETWEEN NICKEL SULFIDE QUANTITY AND ELECTRICAL CHANGES
8. EFFECT OF H2S ON MORPHOLOGY CHANGE
9. DISCUSSION
10. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
GENERAL CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES