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Table of contents
1. Introduction
1.1 The Direction of Forest Research
1.2 The context of the ecosystem management
1.3 The yellow birch – conifer domain
1.4 Old-growth and naturalness
1.4.1 Old-growth stands, an important ecosystem
1.4.2 The evaluation of naturalness, an inspiration
1.5 Aim of the study
2. Material and methods
2.1 CPI-M1 et SSAM-II sites
2.1.1 General characteristics
2.1.2 The experimental design CPI-M1
2.1.3 The experimental design SSAM-II
2.1.4 Collected data
2.2 EFE data
2.3 Old-growth clues selection
2.3.1 Literature review on naturalness evaluation
2.3.2 Final parameters selection
2.4 Statistical analysis
2.4.1 Comparison of CPI-M1 and SSAM-II before the harvest
2.4.2 Effect of the different treatments
3. Results
3.1 Initial state
3.1.1 Comparison of CPI-M1 and SSAM-II
3.1.2 Initial variability between the treatments
3.1.3 Comparison of our results with the values of other old-growth forests
3.2 Results after harvest
3.2.1 Results in CPI-M1
3.2.2 Results in SSAM-II
4. Discussion
4.1 An overview of old-growth yellow birch – conifer stands
4.1.1 Stands dominated by balsam fir
4.1.2 Stands dominated by yellow birch
4.1.3 Old-growth forest in the yellow birch-conifer domain
4.2 Impact of the harvest on old-growth elements
4.2.1 Experimental design CPI-M1
4.2.2 Experimental design SSAM-II
4.2.3 Comparison of these results with old-growth standards
4.3 Critic of our methodology
Conclusion
Bibliography
