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Table of contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
FOREWORD
ABSTRACT
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION
CONTENTS
LIST OF ANNEXES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
1. EVOLUTION OF HUMAN-INDUCED DIRECT THREATS TO WHALES
1.1. THE HARVESTING PHASE (1600-1986)
1.2. THE COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PHASE (1800-)
1.3. THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF HUMAN-INDUCED DIRECT MORTALITY
2. WHALE-SHIP COLLISION
2.1. WHALE-SHIP COLLISION RISK
2.2. THE CURRENT STATE OF WHALE-SHIP COLLISION MANAGEMENT
3. FROM A BOTTOM-UP TO A TOP-DOWN STANDARDIZED MANAGEMENT OF WHALESHIP
COLLISIONS
3.1. WHALE-SHIP COLLISION MANAGEMENT: MONODISCIPLINARY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY,
INTERDISCIPLINARY, OR TRANSDISCIPLINARY?
3.2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM OTHER WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS
4. THESIS OBJECTIVES AND STRUCTURE
4.1. OBJECTIVES
4.2. STRUCTURE
CHAPTER 1: A DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK TO REDUCE THE RISK OF COLLISIONS BETWEEN SHIPS AND WHALES
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. USING FORMAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT TO REDUCE THE RISK OF SHIP STRIKES
2.1. AN INTRODUCTION TO FSA
2.2. STEP 1: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
2.3. STEP 2: RISK ANALYSIS
2.4. STEP 3: RISK CONTROL OPTIONS
2.5. STEP 4: ASSESSING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS
2.6. STEP 5: RECOMMENDATION FOR DECISION-MAKING
3. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
CHAPTER 2: REDUCING WHALE-SHIP COLLISIONS BY BETTER ESTIMATING DAMAGES TO SHIPS
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. DATA PREPARATION
2.2. DAMAGE AND COST INFORMATION
2.3. PROBABILITY AND DAMAGE COSTS
3. RESULTS
3.1. DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS
3.2. REGRESSION RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
4.1. DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS
4.2. PROBABILITY OF SHIP DAMAGE
4.3. COSTS OF DAMAGE
4.4. IMPLICATION FOR WHALE-SHIP COLLISION MANAGEMENT
5. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
CHAPTER 3: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY’S PREFERENCES FOR WHALESHIP COLLISION MITIGATION SOLUTIONS
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. CHOICE EXPERIMENT DESIGN
2.2. QUESTIONNAIRE
2.3. ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CHOICE DATA
3. RESULTS
3.1. RESPONDENTS CHARACTERISTICS
3.2. MODEL RESULTS
4. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
4.1. SHIPPING INDUSTRY’S PREFERENCES
4.2. IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION
4.3. FURTHER RESEARCH
4.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS
CHAPTER 4: WHALE HUMAN-INDUCED DIRECT MORTALITY IN MEDITERRANEAN SUBPOPULATIONS: HOW MUCH IS TOO MUCH?
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3. RESULTS
3.1. DATA COLLECTION
3.2. SEVERITY OF THE HIDM IMPACT ON WHALES
4. DISCUSSION
4.2. DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTY
4.3. CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS
4.4. FUTURE RESEARCH
CHAPTER 5: RISK EVALUATION CRITERION: EVALUATION OF MEASURES TO REDUCE SHIP STRIKES – A MEDITERRANEAN CASE STUDY
FOREWORD
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. VALUING THE BENEFIT OF REDUCING WHALE-SHIP COLLISION RISK
2.1. THE VALUE OF PROTECTING WHALES
2.2. THE VALUE OF AVERTING A WHALE FATALITY
2.3. CASE STUDY: MEDITERRANEAN FIN WHALES
2.4. RESULTS: VALUE OF IMPLEMENTING RULES TO AVERT A MEDITERRANEAN FIN WHALE
FATALITY
3. POTENTIAL USES WITHIN MARITIME RISK ASSESSMENT: RISK EVALUATION
CRITERION
3.1. APPLICATION OF THE RISK EVALUATION CRITERION TO THE FSA
3.2. EVALUATION OF MEASURES TO REDUCE THE COLLISION RISK TO FIN WHALES IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN
4. LIMITATIONS
4.1. EXISTENCE VALUE LIMITATIONS
4.2. RISK EVALUATION CRITERION LIMITATIONS
5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
GENERAL DISCUSSION
1.THE KEY FINDINGS OF THE THESIS
2. IMPLICATION FOR WHALE CONSERVATION AND POLICY-MAKERS
2.1. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE IMO FOR WHALE-SHIP COLLISION MANAGEMENT
2.2. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ECONOMIC AND LOGISTIC ASSESSMENTS
3. LIMITATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
3.1. LIMITATIONS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SYSTEMIC APPROACHES FOR WHALE-SHIP
COLLISION MANAGEMENT
3.2. PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES
