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Table of contents
Chapter 1 ELTs: Motivation and Description
1.1. The role of ELTs in Astronomy
1.2. ELT Projects
1.3. Image quality of a highly segmented mirror
1.3.1. Effect of segmentation on the image quality
1.3.2. Influence of atmospheric turbulence on the image quality
Chapter 2 Review of co-phasing Techniques
2.1. Diffraction co-phasing techniques
2.2. Co-phasing techniques based on Curvature sensors
2.3. Other alternatives for co-phasing
2.4. Pyramid sensor for measuring dephased errors
2.5. Interferometric techniques for co-phasing segmented mirrors
Chapter 3 Mach-Zehnder co-phasing technique
3.1. General Description
3.2. Analytical study of a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
3.2.1. Analytical expression of 1-D interferograms: the piston error case
3.2.2. Behaviour of the MZ signal when introducing an OPD
3.2.3. Behaviour of the MZ signal with pinhole size
3.3. Coronograph: a simplified approach to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer
3.4. Numerical Simulations
3.4.1. Simulation of 1-D MZ signal
3.4.2. Aliasing effect
3.4.3. Influence of Turbulence on the MZ signal
3.4.4. Influence of Gaps on the MZ signal
3.4.5. Influence of the edge defects on the MZ signal
3.4.6. Pixelisation and Sampling
3.4.7. Multi-wavelength measurement
3.4.8. Tip-Tilt considerations
3.5. Performance of a Mach-Zehnder co-phasing sensor
3.5.1. MZ co-phasing sensor performance as a function of atmospheric turbulence
3.5.2. MZ co-phasing sensor performance as a function of gaps
3.5.3. MZ co-phasing sensor performance as a function of edge defects
3.5.4. MZ co-phasing sensor performance as a function of photon noise
3.6. Summary
Chapter 4 Laboratory test of the Mach-Zehnder co-phasing technique
4.1. Optical design for testing the MZ co-phasing technique
4.1.1. Segment Simulator
4.1.2. Turbulence Simulator
4.1.3. Mach-Zehnder interferometer layout
4.2. Analysis of the experimental results
4.2.1. Performance without atmosphere
4.2.2. Performance with atmosphere
4.3. Summary
Chapter 5 Comparison of co-phasing techniques
5.1. Signal Characterisation
5.1.1. Sensibility to atmosphere, gaps and edge defects
5.2. Piston Retrieval
5.2.1. Precision, Capture Range and limiting magnitude
5.2.2. APE the Active Phase Experiment
5.3. Practical and Manufacturing considerations
5.4. Summary
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Perspectives
