The long-term carbon and nitrogen dynamics in “Haussmannian ecosystems” as a case study

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Table of contents

GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1. ECOLOGY AND THE FIRST URBAN CENTURY
2. CARBON AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN URBAN ECOSYSTEMS
2.1. Carbon and nitrogen cycles as ecological crossroads
2.2. Overview of urban studies on carbon and nutrient cycling
3. THE LONG-TERM CARBON AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN “HAUSSMANNIAN ECOSYSTEMS” AS A CASE STUDY
CHAPTER 1 LONG-TERM TRENDS IN CARBON AND NITROGEN CYCLING IN PARISIAN STREET SOIL-TREE SYSTEMS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Site description and chronosequence design
2.2. Sample collection and processing
2.3. Soil characteristics
2.4. C and N contents and isotope ratios
2.5. Statistical analyses
3. RESULTS
3.1. Soil characteristics
3.2. Soil C and N contents and isotope ratios
3.3. Foliar δ13C and δ15N and N content
3.4. Soil and plant coupling
4. DISCUSSION
4.1. Age-related trends in soil organic C: Accumulation of root C?
4.2. Age-related trends in N cycling: Rapid N saturation of street systems?
4.3. Uncertainties linked to potential legacy effects
5. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2 LEGACY OR ACCUMULATION? A STUDY OF LONG-TERM SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DYNAMICS IN HAUSSMANNIAN TREE PLANTATIONS IN PARIS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Site description and chronosequence design
2.2. Sample collection and processing
2.3. Soil characteristics
2.4. Physical fractionation procedure
2.5. Mineralogical analysis of clay fractions by X-ray diffraction
2.6. C and N contents and isotope ratios
2.7. Soil incubation, CO2 and 13C-CO2 analysis
2.8. Statistical analyses
3. RESULTS
3.1. Soil texture, quality of fractionation and clay minerals
3.2. Soil C and N contents and isotope ratios
3.3. Root C and N contents and isotope ratios
3.4. C mineralization and δ13C-CO2
3.5. Soil and plant coupling
4. DISCUSSION
4.1. Evidence of recent C and N accumulation in street soils
4.2. Possible mechanisms for root-C accumulation in street soils
4.3. Street trees diversify their N sources
5. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF MICROBIAL N-CYCLING COMMUNITIES ALONG A 75-YEAR URBAN SOIL-TREE CHRONOSEQUENCE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Site description and chronosequence design
2.2. Sample collection and processing
2.3. Real-time quantitative PCR
2.4. Potential nitrifying and denitrifying activities
2.5. Statistical analyses
3. RESULTS
3.1. Abundances of soil AOB and AOA
3.2. Abundances of soil bacterial denitrifiers
3.3. Potential nitrification and denitrification
3.4. Correlations among microbial parameters and between microbial, soil and plant parameters in street systems
4. DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
GENERAL DISCUSSION
1. THE LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF HAUSSMANNIAN ECOSYSTEMS: A SCENARIO
1.1. Summary of chapters
1.2. Possible interpretations for long-term C and N dynamics in street systems
1.3. Beyond silver lindens? Insights from black locust plantations and pollinators
2. PERSPECTIVES FOR FUTURE WORKS AND STREET PLANTATION MANAGEMENT
3. “GLOBAL CHANGE IN YOUR STREET!”: ECOLOGY IN THE FIRST URBAN CENTURY
REFERENCES