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Table of contents
1. Introduction and objectives
1.1 Background
1.2 Aim and objectives
1.3 Thesis content
1.4 Workshops and conference presentations
1.5 Publications in ranked scientific journals
2. Effects of plant growth on soil microstructure and hydro-mechanical behaviour
2.1 Abstract
2.2 Introduction
2.3 Soil properties and initial state
2.4 Roots volume and structural features
2.4.1 Pycnometry and WinRHIZO scans
2.4.2 Comparison of results
2.5 Plant effects at the macroscale
2.5.1 Water retention properties
2.5.2 Volume changes upon drying
2.5.3 Saturated water permeability
2.6 Plant effects at the microscale
2.6.1 Distribution of large-pore sizes
2.6.2 Extension to the micro-pores range
2.6.3 Roots effects on soil pore-size distribution
2.7 Roots traits and soil microstructure on drying
2.8 Micro and macroscale interactions
2.9 Concluding remarks
3. Hydro-mechanical framework to predict root effects on a compacted silty soil
3.1 Abstract
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Methods
3.3.1 Oedometer tests
3.4 Micro-scale model formulation and calibration
3.5 Macroscopic hydro-mechanical framework
3.5.1 Oedometer test results
3.5.2 Macroscopic framework development
3.6 Model validation and performance
3.7 Conclusions
4. Mechanical behaviour of a vegetated soil at different hydraulic states
4.1 Abstract
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Soil properties and compaction
4.4 Roots growth and characterization
4.5 Methodology
4.5.1 Triaxial Compression Tests
4.5.1 Direct tensile test
4.5.2 Void ratio measurements in vegetated soil
4.5.3 Constitutive laws used
4.6 Results
4.6.1 Hydraulic state and stress evolution during tests
4.6.2 Triaxial Compressions
4.7 Direct Tensile Tests
4.8 Joint interpretation of the results
4.9 Conclusions
5. Numerical analysis of a bare and a vegetated embankment
6. Conclusions
6.1 Preparation and testing protocol of samples
6.2 Roots effects on soil micro-structure
6.3 Geotechnical characterization of a vegetated soil
6.4 Constitutive model to predict a vegetated soil retention curve
6.5 Simulation of the HM response of a vegetated slope submitted to water content changes
6.6 Applications to engineering problems
6.7 Thesis contribution
6.8 Future lines of research
References
