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Table of contents
I- BACKGROUND
Iron oxides
1. Ferric (FeIII) oxides
1.1. Ferrihydrite
1.2. Goethite
1.3. Lepidocrocite
1.4. Hematite
2. Mixed FeII-FeIII oxides (magnetite and green rust)
3. Synthesis of green rust and magnetite
3.1. Abiotic synthesis
3.1.1. Co-precipitation of soluble FeII and FeIII species
3.1.2. Oxidation of hydroxylated FeII solution
3.1.3. FeII induced mineralogical transformations of FeIII oxides
3.2. Biotic formation of mixed FeII-FeIII oxides
4. Role of Mixed FeII-FeIII oxides in environment
Fenton and Persulfate based chemical oxidation for hydrocarbon remediation
1. Soil Pollution
1.1. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
1.2. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
2. Soil Remediation by Chemical oxidation
2.1. Fenton based oxidation
2.1.1. Conventional Fenton oxidation
2.1.2. Fenton-like oxidation
2.2. Persulfate oxidation
2.2.1. Background and reaction chemistry
2.2.2. Mechanism and reactivity
II- RESULTS
SECTION 1 FORMATION OF MIXED FeII-FeIII OXIDES: MAGNETITE AND GREEN RUST
Summary
FeII induced mineralogical transformation of ferric oxyhydroxides into magnetite under various experimental conditions
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Sample preparation
2.2.1. Initial ferric oxyhydroxides substrates
2.2.2. Batch experiments
2.2.3. Sample characterization
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of initial ferric oxyhydroxides
3.2. Transformation of ferrihydrite, goethite and lepidocrocite into magnetite
3.3. Transformation of three goethites into magnetite
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Formation of green rust via mineralogical transformation of ferric oxides (ferrihydrite, goethite and hematite)
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental section
2.1. Sample preparation
2.1.1. Initial ferric oxides/hydroxides substrates
2.1.2. Transformations of ferric oxyhydroxides in batch experiments
2.2. Sample characterization
2.2.1. Mössbauer Spectroscopy
2.2.2. Transmission electron microscopy
2.2.3. Analyses of soluble iron species by UV-Visible spectroscopy
3. Results
3.1. Initial ferric oxyhydroxides
3.2. Transformation products
3.2.1. Mössbauer spectroscopy
3.2.2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
3.2.3. Concentration of soluble iron and mass balance diagram
4. Discussion
4.1. Order of reactivity of the various ferric oxides
4.2. Formation of green rust versus magnetite
5. Conclusion
Reactivity of FeIII oxyhydroxides with FeII in batch and dynamic flow systems
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Static batch conditions
3.2. Saturated column test
4. Conclusions
SECTION 2 REACTIVITY OF MAGNETITE TO CATALYZE CHEMICAL OXIDATION FOR HYDROCARBON REMEDIATION IN SOILS
Summary
Application of magnetite catalyzed chemical oxidation (Fenton-like and persulfate) for the remediation of oil hydrocarbon contamination
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Synthesis and characterization of magnetite rich sandy soil (MRS)
2.3. Iron mineral characterization
2.4. Sample preparation
2.5. Oxidation experiments
2.6. Instrumental analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of magnetite rich sand (MRS)
3.2. Kinetic degradation of oil hydrocarbons
3.2.1. Extractable organic matter (EOM) and hydrocarbon index (HI)
3.2.2. GC-MS characterization
3.2.3. μFTIR characterization
Conclusion
Remediation of PAH-contaminated soils by magnetite catalyzed Fenton-like oxidation
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental section
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Soil samples
2.3. Oxidation procedures
2.4. Instrumental analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Degradation of fluorenone
3.2. Oxidation of two PAHs contaminated soils
3.3. PAHs degradation in organic extracts spiked on sand
3.4. PAHs degradation in pretreated soils
4. Conclusions
Application of magnetite-activated persulfate oxidation for the degradation of PAHs in contaminated soils
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental section
2.1. Chemical reactants
2.2. Soil samples
2.3. Oxidation experiments
2.4. Extraction and analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Oxidation of fluorenone
3.2. PAHs degradation in organic extracts spiked on sand
3.3. PAHs degradation in soils
4. Conclusion
Magnetite as a catalyst for chemical oxidation of hydrocarbons spiked on sand under flow through conditions
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Sample preparation
2.2. Oxidation under flow through conditions
2.3. Extraction and analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Degradation of oil hydrocarbons
3.2. Degradation of PAHs
3.3. μFTIR characterization
4. Conclusion
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
References
