The Timing Delay technique

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Table of contents

1 THE EXTRASOLAR PLANETS RESEARCH 
1.1 The realm of sub-stellar objects
1.1.1 Proper characteristics of brown dwarfs and giant planets evolution
1.1.2 Model atmospheres for brown dwarfs
1.1.3 Insight on the brown dwarfs formation mechanisms
1.1.4 Brown dwarfs statistics
1.1.4.1 The companion mass function
1.1.4.2 The brown dwarf mass function
1.2 Theories of planetary system formation
1.2.1 The Solar Nebula formation scenario
1.2.2 The Capture formation scenario
1.2.3 Insight on the present-day theoretical approaches to planetary system formation
1.3 Model atmospheres for extrasolar giant planets
1.4 Earth’s atmosphere and models for extrasolar terrestrial planets
1.5 Statistical properties of the observed planetary systems
1.5.1 Properties of the observed exoplanets
1.5.2 Properties of the stars hosting observed exoplanets
1.6 Properties of the observed circumstellar disks
1.6.1 Protoplanetary disks
1.6.2 Dusty disks
1.7 Bibliography
2 DETECTING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS 
2.1 Dynamical perturbation of the star
2.1.1 The Radial Velocity technique
2.1.2 The Astrometric Perturbation technique
2.1.3 The Timing Delay technique
2.2 The Transit technique
2.3 The Gravitational Microlensing
2.4 Direct detection of extrasolar planets
2.4.1 Key scientific requirements for direct detection
2.4.2 Interferometry
2.4.2.1 Differential Phase technique
2.4.2.2 Closure Phase technique
2.4.2.3 Nulling technique
2.4.3 High contrast imaging
2.4.3.1 Correction: Adaptive Optics
2.4.3.2 Cancellation: Coronagraphy
2.4.3.3 Calibration: Differential Techniques
2.5 Bibliography
3 SIMULTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL IMAGING 
3.1 Planet features useful for Simultaneous Differential Imaging 97
3.2 Characterization of the telescope PSF with AO-compensation
3.2.1 Computation of the telescope PSF before AO-compensation
3.2.2 Computation of the telescope PSF after AO-compensation
3.2.3 Definition of the Speckle pattern field
3.2.4 Computation of the PSF beyond the AO Control Radius
3.3 Speckle Noise
3.4 SDI at the diffraction limit
3.5 Integral Field Spectroscopy at the diffraction limit: S-SDI
3.5.1 Requirement and Options
3.5.1.1 Requirement for the spatial sampling of the re-imaged telescope Focal Plane
3.5.1.2 Options for the optical design
3.5.2 Speckle Chromatism in the specific case of 3D-Spectroscopy
3.5.3 S-SDI as powerful improvement of standard SDI
3.5.4 First high contrast imaging with an Integral Field Spectrograph
3.6 Bibliography
4 THE SPHERE PROJECT 
4.1 Science case
4.2 Observational modes
4.3 System architecture
4.3.1 Global overview
4.3.2 Common Path optics
4.3.3 The XAO system SAXO
4.3.4 Coronagraphs
4.3.5 ZIMPOL
4.3.6 IRDIS
4.3.7 IFS
4.4 Performance analysis
4.5 Bibliography
5 SPHERE INTEGRAL FIELD UNIT 135
5.1 3D-Spectroscopy at the diffraction limit with a TIGER IFU
5.2 3D-Spectroscopy at the diffraction limit with a BIGRE IFU
5.3 Optical quality of the single IFS Slit
5.3.1 Shape Distortion of the single IFS Slit
5.3.2 Speckle Chromatism on the single final spectrum
5.4 Coherent and Incoherent CrossTalks
5.4.1 Coherent CrossTalk: the formalism
5.4.2 Incoherent CrossTalk: the formalism
5.5 Format of the final spectra on the IFS Detector plane
5.5.1 Length of the single spectrum on the Detector plane
5.6 TIGER and BIGRE Integral Field Units vs. SPHERE/IFS TLRs
5.6.1 Optimization of a TIGER IFU for SPHERE/IFS
5.6.2 Optimization of a BIGRE IFU for SPHERE/IFS
5.7 The BIGRE Integral Field Unit for SPHERE/
5.8 SPHERE/IFU prototype
5.8.2 Achievement of the spectra
5.9 Bibliography
6 SPHERE INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROGRAPH 
6.1 Description of the ongoing IFS optical layout
6.2 Optimization of the IFS Collimator
6.3 Tolerance analysis for the IFS Collimator
6.4 Optimization of the IFS Camera
6.5 Tolerance analysis for the IFS Camera
6.6 Optimization of the IFS Disperser
6.7 Transmission of the IFS optics
6.8 Thermal and Pressure analyses
6.9 Dithering analysis
6.10 Ghost analysis
6.11 Bibliography
7 THE EUROPEAN ELT PERSPECTIVE 
7.1 The science milestone: rocky planets
7.2 Instrument concept
7.3 Adaptive Optics
7.4 Coronagraphy
7.5 Top Level Requirements for the EPICS/Instruments
7.6 Instruments
7.6.1 Differential Polarimeter
7.6.2 Wave-length splitting Differential Imager
7.6.3 Integral Field Spectrograph
7.6.3.1 Optical Concept of a TIGER IFS
7.6.3.2 Conceptual mechanical design
7.6.3.3 Simulations
7.7 Bibliography