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Table of contents
Introduction in English
I Experiment: Towards deterministic preparation of single Rydberg atoms
I Rydbergatomsanddipoleblockade: theoryandsimulations
I.1 Rydberg atoms
I.1.1 Lifetime
I.1.2 Rydberg atoms in static electric fields: Stark effect
I.1.3 Rydberg atoms under static magnetic fields
I.2 Dipole Blockade
I.2.1 Principle of the blockade effect
I.2.2 Theoretical description of the dipole-dipole interactions
I.2.3 Specific case of the target state: 60S − 60S
I.2.4 Dipole blockade effect
I.3 Simulations of dipole blockade regime in a small BEC
I.4 Conclusion
II Experimental setup
II.1 Cryogenic environment
II.2 A superconducting atom chip
II.3 Laser and imaging system
II.3.1 D2 transition line of 87Rb
II.3.2 Imaging the atoms
II.3.2.a Determination of the atom number
II.3.2.b Temperature measurement
II.4 From the 2D-MOT to the BEC: sequence for the optical cooling and trapping.
II.4.1 The source of slow atoms: 2D-MOT
II.4.2 The mirror MOT
II.4.3 The U-MOT
II.4.4 Optical molasses and optical pumping
II.4.5 Transfer into the magnetic trap
II.4.6 Getting a BEC: evaporative cooling
II.4.7 Decompressing and moving the magnetic cloud
II.5 Conclusion of the chapter
III First electric field studies
III.1 Laser stabilization system
III.2 Detection setup
III.3 First atomic spectrum
III.4 Fresh chip and deposit of Rubidium via MOTs
III.5 Macroscopic Rubidium deposit
III.6 Conclusion of the chapter
IV Long coherence time measurements for Rydberg atoms on an atom-chip
IV.1 Experimental conditions of microwave spectroscopy
IV.2 Characterization of residual electric field by microwave spectroscopy
IV.2.1 Electric field perpendicular to the chip surface
IV.2.2 Field parallel to the chip surface
IV.2.3 Electric field gradients
IV.3 Probing coherence times with Ramsey spectroscopy and spin echo sequences.
IV.3.1 Spectra and Rabi oscillations
IV.3.2 Ramsey spectroscopy
IV.3.3 Spin echo experiment
Conclusions and perspectives: Part I
II Theory: Applications to quantum information processing
V Atoms and photons. Theoretical description of the interaction
V.1 Quantum description of the electromagnetic field
V.1.1 Quantization of the electromagnetic field
V.1.1.a Coherent states and displacement operator
V.1.2 Quantum states and density operator
V.1.2.a Pure states
V.1.2.b Mixed states
V.1.2.c Quantum state of compound systems and degree of entanglement
V.1.3 Phase space representation
V.1.3.a Characteristic functions
V.1.3.b Wigner function
V.1.3.c Examples of the Wigner function
V.2 Two-level atoms
V.2.1 Atomic spin and Bloch sphere
V.2.2 Manipulation of atomic states
V.3 Light-matter interaction: quantum theory
V.3.1 Jaynes & Cummings Model
V.3.1.a Resonant quantum Rabi Oscillation
V.3.1.b Resonant MFSS generation
V.3.1.c Dispersive MFSS generation
V.4 Decoherence process
V.4.1 Master equation
V.5 Conclusion
VI Fast generation of mesoscopic field states superpositions in CQED
VI.1 Dicke model
VI.1.1 Factorization approximation
VI.2 Two atoms interacting with a cavity field without dissipation. Exact calculation.
VI.2.1 MFSS size and fidelity with respect to an ideal cat
VI.2.2 Case of an Initial atomic state |1i
VI.3 Numerical simulation: two atoms-field interaction including field dissipation.
VI.4 Case of more than two atoms
Conclusions and perspectives: Part II
A Broadening sources
B Calibration of perpendicular electric field
C Measurement of Electric field gradients
D Lifetimemeasurement
Bibliography
