Thermal energy storage in compacted soils

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Table of contents

1 Literature review on thermal energy storage in soils 
1.1 Dierent methods of thermal energy storage in soils
1.1.1 Aquifer thermal energy storage method
1.1.2 Borehole thermal energy storage method
1.1.3 Thermal energy storage in compacted soils
1.1.3.1 Thermal energy storage in compacted backll soil
1.1.3.2 Thermal energy storage in embankments
1.1.4 Conclusion of thermal energy storage methods in geological mediums
1.2 Eciency of thermal energy storage in compacted soil
1.2.1 Coupled heat and mass transfer mechanism in soil
1.2.1.1 Heat transfer mechanism in soil
1.2.1.2 Mass transfer mechanism in soil
1.2.2 Soil thermal properties
1.2.3 Eect of temperature on soil thermal properties
1.2.4 Summary of expected thermal properties to store thermal energy in com- pacted soil
1.3 Eect of temperature on the hydro-mechanical behavior of soil
1.3.1 Eect of temperature on hydraulic properties
1.3.2 Eect of temperature on consolidation behavior
1.3.2.1 Thermal volumetric response
1.3.2.2 Eect of temperature on preconsolidation pressure
1.3.2.3 Eect of temperature on the compression and swelling indices
1.3.3 Eect of temperature on shear parameters
1.3.4 Conclusion of temperature eect on hydro-mechanical soil behavior
1.4 Numerical thermo-hydro-mechanical investigation
1.4.1 Thermo-hydraulic theoretical equations
1.4.1.1 Soil surface energy balance
1.4.1.2 Soil surface water balance
1.4.1.3 Hydrothermal transfer in subsurface soil
1.4.2 Thermo-mechanical constitutive models in saturated state
1.4.3 Thermo-mechanical constitutive models in unsaturated state
1.4.4 Application of numerical models
1.5 Conclusions
2 Measurement of the thermal properties of unsaturated compacted soil by the transfer function estimation method 
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and methods
2.2.1 Material properties
2.2.2 Transfer function estimation method (TFEM)
2.2.3 Water content and density prole measurements
2.2.4 Other methods for measuring the thermal properties
2.3 Modelling
2.3.1 The TFEM method
2.3.2 Single-needle probe method
2.3.3 The centred hot plate method
2.4 Results and discussion
2.4.1 Water content and density proles
2.4.2 Sensitivity analysis of the TFEM method
2.4.2.1 Inuence of the initial value of the thermal diusivity
2.4.2.2 Inuence of the uncertainty of the temperature variations
2.4.2.3 Inuence of the distance variations on thermal diusivity estimation
2.4.3 Thermal properties estimated with the TFEM
2.4.4 Comparison with the other measurement methods
2.5 Conclusions
3 Eect of monotonic and cyclic temperature variations on the mechanical be- havior of a compacted soil 
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Soil properties, devices, and specimen preparation
3.2.1 Soil properties
3.2.2 Device and specimen preparation: oedometric tests
3.2.3 Device and specimen preparation: direct shear tests
3.3 Experimental programs
3.3.1 Consolidation program
3.3.1.1 Monotonic thermo-mechanical paths
3.3.1.2 Cyclic thermo-mechanical paths
3.3.2 Direct shear program
3.3.2.1 Monotonic thermo-mechanical paths
3.3.2.2 Cyclic thermo-mechanical paths
3.4 Experimental results
3.4.1 Thermo-mechanical results for oedometric tests
3.4.1.1 Monotonic thermo-mechanical oedometric results
3.4.1.2 Thermal cycles eect on the volumetric variation of studied com- pacted soil
3.4.2 Thermo-mechanical results for direct shear test
3.4.2.1 Monotonic thermo-mechanical direct shear results
3.4.2.2 Cyclic thermo-mechanical direct shear results
3.5 Discussion
3.5.1 Temperature eect on consolidation parameters
3.5.2 Volumetric response due to the temperature cycles
3.5.3 Temperature cycles eect on consolidation parameters
3.5.4 Heating or cooling and temperature cycles eect on shear characteristics
3.5.5 Engineering implications of results
3.6 Conclusions
4 A numerical study into eects of soil compaction and heat storage on thermal performance of a Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger 
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Hydrothermal behavior of the studied soil
4.3 General conditions of the numerical simulations
4.3.1 Geotechnical conditions
4.3.2 Boundary and meteorological conditions
4.3.3 Initial hydrothermal conditions
4.3.4 Pipe and its carryinguid
4.4 Comparison of performances of HGHE installed in the local and compacted back- ll soils
4.5 Heat storage eect on the performance of HGHE installed in the compacted back- ll soil
4.5.1 Studied scenarios and installation depths
4.5.2 Simulation results
4.6 Comparison of dierent studied scenarios
4.7 Conclusions
4.8 Appendix
General conclusion and perspectives 
A Thermal conductivity of nonwoven needle-punched geotextiles: eect of stress and moisture 
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Materials and methods
A.2.1 Physical properties of geotextiles
A.2.2 Soil properties
A.2.3 Thermal parameters
A.2.3.1 Hot-plate device (steady-state method)
A.2.3.2 Thermal needle probe (transient method)
A.2.4 Compression test
A.3 Experimental results and discussion
A.3.1 Geotextile thermal conductivity vs. thickness
A.3.2 Thermal conductivity of geotextiles vs. vertical stress
A.3.3 Thermal conductivity of wet soil combined with geotextile
A.3.3.1 Theoretical estimation
A.3.3.2 Experimental measurement
A.4 Conclusions
B Resume etendu 
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Etat de l’art sur le stockage de l’energie thermique dans les sols
B.3 Mesure des proprietes thermiques d’un sol compacte non sature par la methode d’estimation de la fonction de transfert
B.4 Eet des variations de temperature monotones et cycliques sur le comportement mecanique d’un sol compacte
B.5 Calcul de performances d’un echangeur de chaleur horizontal en sol compacte
B.6 Conclusion
Bibliography