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Table of contents
CHAPTER I
HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
1. Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases
2. Pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases
2.1 Classical cardiovascular disease risk factors
2.1.1 Dyslipidemia
2.1.1.1 Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol
2.1.1.2 HDL-cholesterol
2.1.1.3 Triglycerides
2.1.2 Hypertension
2.1.3 Age and Gender
2.1.4 Tobacco use
2.1.5 Physical inactivity
2.1.6 Obesity
2.1.7 Diabetes
2.2 Novel cardiovascular disease risk factors
2.2.1 Thrombogenic factors
2.2.2 Cell Adhesion molecules
2.2.2.1 Selectins
2.2.2.1.1 L-Selectin
2.2.2.1.2 P-Selectin
2.2.2.1.3 E-Selectin
2.2.2.2 Immunoglobulin Super Family, Cellular adhesion molecules and Integrins
2.2.2.2.1 ICAM-1 and ββ integrins
2.2.2.2.2 VCAM-1 and α4β1 Integrins
2.2.2.2.3 PECAM-1
2.2.3 Inflammatory molecules
2.2.3.1 CRP
2.2.3.2 Cytokines
2.2.3.2.1 TNF-α
2.2.3.2.2 INF-
2.2.3.2.3 IL-6
2.2.3.3 TREMs (TREM-1 and TREM-2)
2.2.4 Hyperhomocysteinemia
2.2.5 VEGF-A
2.2.6 Oxidative stress (free radicals)
2.3 Genetics of Cardiovascular diseases
2.3.1 Approaches to discover genes for cardiovascular diseases
2.3.1.1 Linkage analysis
2.3.1.2 Association studies
2.3.1.2.1 Genome-wide Association Studies
2.3.1.2.2 Phenome-wide Association Studies
2.3.1.2.3 Candidate gene
2.3.2 Missing heritability problem
2.3.3 Genetic pleiotropy
CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
