Toxicology of copper

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Table of contents

1 General introduction
2 Background
2.1 Copper
2.1.1 Origin and use
2.1.2 Sources of emissions and environmental levels
2.1.3 Copper metabolism and its physiological role in animals (generalities)
2.1.4 Toxicology of copper (general)
2.2 Biological models studied: Anodonta anatina and Anodonta cygnea
2.2.1 Taxonomy, description, and distribution
2.2.2 Anatomy and ecology
2.2.3 Ecotoxicological interest
2.3 Effects of copper exposure and detoxification mechanisms
2.3.1 Copper exposure effects
2.3.1.1 Copper bioaccumulation
2.3.1.2 Oxidative stress
2.3.1.3 Calcium transport and perturbation of bio-mineralization
2.3.2 Detoxification mechanisms
2.3.2.1 Cysteine thiol rich compounds
2.3.2.2 Metal detoxification mechanisms in bivalves
3 Extended summary
3.1 Optimization of analytical protocols
3.2 Effects of copper on calcium transport in Anodonta anatina
3.3 Metal detoxification mechanism in Anodonta cygnea
3.4 Decline of the Unionidae populations
4 Conclusion
5 Article 1 (published): Effects of low-level copper exposure on Ca2+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in the freshwater bivalve Anodonta anatina
6 Article 2: Copper effects on Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase in the freshwater bivalve Anodonta anatina
7 Article 3: Phytochelatins in the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea
8 Article 4: Phytochelatins, a group of metal-binding peptides induced by copper exposure in the bivalve Anodonta cygnea
References