Wastewater Treatment Plants

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Table of contents

CHAPTER 1: STATE OF THE ART
1. General overview: Plastics pollution
2. The new emerging pollutant ‘Microplastics’
2.1 History and definition
2.2 Origin of microplastics
2.3 Sources of microplastics in the aquatic environment
3. Occurrence of microplastics in the aquatic environment
3.1 Microplastics abundance in the water
3.2 Microplastics in sediments
3.3 Microplastics in biota
4. Microplastics biomonitoring
5. Objectives of the thesis
CHAPTER 2: STUDY SITES, METHODOLOGIES AND ANALYSIS PROTOCOLS
1. Study sites
1.1 Estuaries: the Seine, the Canche and the Liane
1.2 Coastal systems: Sainte-Adresse and the Lebanese coast
1.3 Wastewater treatment plant: Edelweiss
2. Sampling techniques of all three matrices (water, sediments and native biota)
2.1 Water surface
2.2 Sediment samples
2.3 Native biota
3. Caging experiment
3.1 Juvenile flounder caging experiment
3.2 Farmed blue mussels caging experiments
3.2 Caging model comparaison
4. Laboratory analyses and samples preparation
4.1 Contamination prevention
4.2 Water samples
4.3 Sediment samples
4.4 Biota samples
5. Microplastics analyses
5.1 Visual observation
5.2 Micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis and polymer identification
CHAPTER 3: SOURCES OF MICROPLASTICS AND PASSIVE BIOMONITORING
1. Introduction
2. Material and methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Supplementary files
B. Synthesis of Article 2
II. Article 2: Microplastics pollution along the Lebanese coast (Eastern Mediterranean Basin): Occurrence in surface water, sediments a Graphical abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusion
Supplementary files
CHAPTER 4: ACTIVE BIOMONITORING AS A TOOL FOR MICROPLASTICS ASSESSMENT
A. Synthesis of Article 3
III. Article 3: Juvenile fish caging as a tool for assessing microplastics contamination in estuarine fish nursery grounds
1. Introduction
2. Material and methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Supplementary files
B. Synthesis of Article 4:
IV. Article 4: Effect of exposure period on caged blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) microplastics bioaccumulation
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Supplementary files
C. Synthesis of Article 5
V. Article 5: Is blue mussel caging an efficient method for monitoring environmental microplastics pollution?
Graphical abstract
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Supplementary files
CHAPTER 5: GENERAL DISCUSSION AND PERSPECTIVES