Wood biomass energy for heating

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Table of contents

Introduction
1 Wood energy sector
1.1 Critical condition of current energy consumption
1.1.1 Ecological footprint and source depletion
1.1.2 Green tendency
1.2 Wood biomass energy for heating
1.2.1 Interest of the industry
1.2.2 Wood biomass
1.2.3 Boilers
1.2.4 Towards a new energy strategy for Europe 2011-2020
1.2.5 French energy policy
1.3 Industrial process
1.3.1 Production chain
1.3.2 Importance of standards
1.3.3 Standards
2 Background
2.1 Thermogravimetric methods
2.1.1 Freeze drying
2.1.2 Oven drying
2.1.3 Infrared drying
2.1.4 Microwave Drying
2.2 Analytical methods
2.3 Rapid or indirect methods
2.3.1 Radiofrequency methods
2.3.2 Microwaves methods
2.3.3 Electrostatic methods
2.3.4 Optical methods
2.3.5 Hygrometrical methods
2.3.6 Radiometric methods
2.4 Synthesis
3 Contactless electromagnetic technologies
3.1 Preliminary physical background
3.1.1 Wood chip dielectric properties
3.1.2 Electromagnetic propagation
3.2 Transmission-Reflection system
3.2.1 Experimental prototype
3.2.2 Optical module
3.2.2.1 Stereo vision method
3.2.2.2 Stereo matching process
3.2.2.3 3D reconstruction
3.2.2.4 Experimental results and discussion
3.2.3 Electromagnetic module
3.2.3.1 Material
3.2.3.2 Procedure
3.2.3.3 Direct frequency domain analysis
3.2.3.4 Direct time domain analysis
3.2.3.5 Multivariate analysis
3.3 Conclusions
4 In contact technologies
4.1 Capacitive system
4.1.1 Principle
4.1.2 Experimental system and procedure
4.1.3 Results and discussion
4.1.4 Summary
4.2 Resonator technology
4.2.1 Underlying physics
4.2.2 Antenna resonators
4.2.2.1 Half-wave dipole antenna
4.2.2.2 Quarter-wave monopole antenna
4.2.2.3 Microstrip rectangular antenna
4.2.2.4 In-line half-wave dipole antenna
4.2.3 Simulation analysis
4.2.4 Experimental analysis
4.2.5 Study of half-wave dipole antenna performance
4.2.6 Laboratory-scale system
4.2.6.1 Equipment
4.2.6.2 Methodology
4.2.6.3 Sensor characterization
4.2.6.4 Multivariate analysis
4.2.6.5 Summary
4.3 Full-scale implementation
4.3.1 Bulk measurements in static piles
4.3.2 Bulk measurements in a container
4.3.3 Summary
4.4 Conclusion
Conclusion
Perspectives
Bibliography