X-Ray Re ectometry (XRR)

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Table of contents

1 Magnetic ux pinning in superconductors 
1.1 Flux ow and energy dissipation
1.2 Magneticux pinning in hybrid SC/FM bi-layer structures
1.3 Magneticux pinning in SC/FM structures with periodic arrays of FM micro,- and nanostructures
1.4 Resume de chapitre en francais
2 Experimental Methods 
2.1 Thin Film Deposition
2.1.1 DC Magnetron Sputtering
2.1.2 Pulsed Laser Deposition
2.2 Photolithography and Ion Beam Etching
2.3 High Resolution X-Ray Diraction
2.3.1 HRXRD Diractometer
2.3.2 Symmetric and asymmetric X-ray diraction measurements
2.3.3 Reciprocal Space Mapping
2.3.4 Epitaxial thin lm texture characterization
2.3.5 X-Ray Reectometry (XRR)
2.4 Atomic Force Microscopy
2.4.1 Magnetic Force Microscopy
2.5 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2.6 Vibrating Sample Magnetometry
2.7 SQUID Magnetometry
2.8 Resume de chapitre en francais
3 Elaboration and characterization of epitaxial La1􀀀xSrxMnO3 thin lms 
3.1 Introduction to La1􀀀xSrxMnO3
3.1.1 Structural properties
3.1.2 Magnetic Properties
3.1.3 Electric Properties
3.2 Elaboration and characterization of La1􀀀xSrxMnO3 epitaxial thin lms
3.2.1 Morphological properties of LSMO thin lms
3.2.2 The inuence of target-substrate distance on the morphology of the lms
3.2.3 Structural properties of epitaxial LSMO thin lms
3.2.4 Electrical characterization of LSMO epitaxial thin lms
3.3 Oxygen incorporation eects on La1􀀀xSrxMnO3 epitaxial thin lms
3.3.1 La1􀀀xSrxMnO3+d defect model
3.3.2 Overview of oxygen incorporation eects in doped lanthanum manganites
3.3.3 Experimental
3.3.4 Results and Discussion
3.4 Resume de chapitre en francais
4 Magnetic structures with perpendicular magnetization 
4.1 Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) thin lms
4.1.1 Magnetic force microscopy of stripe domain patterns
4.1.2 Permalloy thin lm growth
4.1.3 Structural Properties of Permalloy thin lms
4.1.4 Magnetic Properties of Permalloy thin lms
4.2 Cobalt thin lms
4.2.1 Co thin lm growth
4.2.2 Magnetic properties of Cobalt thin lms
4.3 Magnetic micro,- and nanostructures
4.3.1 Micro,- and nanostructures elaboration techniques
4.3.2 Magnetic properties of the micro,- and nanostructures
4.4 Resume de chapitre en francais
5 Ferromagnetic/high temperature superconductor hybrid structures 
5.1 LSMO/YBCO hybrid structures
5.1.1 Surface decoration and vortex pinning
5.1.2 Experimental procedure
5.1.3 Single YBCO lm
5.1.4 Morphology of the LSMO/YBCO structures
5.1.5 Structural properties of the LSMO/YBCO structures
5.1.6 Superconducting properties of LSMO/YBCO structures
5.2 YBCO/Permalloy Structures
5.2.1 Experimental procedure
5.2.2 MFM on the Py lm
5.2.3 Superconducting properties of the YBCO/Py structure
5.3 Resume de chapitre en francais
6 Conclusions and Perspectives 
A Vortex state and dynamics 
A.1 Vortex state
A.1.1 Ginzburg-Landau equations
A.1.2 Fluxoid quantization
A.1.3 London equations
A.1.4 Type I and Type II superconductors
A.1.5 The Abrikosov vortex
A.1.6 The vortex energy
A.1.7 The critical elds
A.2 Vortex interaction and dynamics
A.2.1 Vortex interaction
A.2.2 Fluxow
A.2.3 Vortex pinning and critical currents
A.2.4 Thermally activateduxow. Flux creep
A.2.5 Irreversibility line