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Introduction
The history of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) dates back about five decades. It started in the 1960s when political leaders of newly independent African states were involved in ad hoc political and security cooperation in a bid to achieve the independence of the remaining African countries still under colonial or white minority rule.1 This political and security cooperation later evolved into yet another informal, loose grouping called the Front Line States.2 The concrete evolution of SADC began in earnest on 1 April 1980. That was the day the leaders of Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Swaziland, Lesotho and Malawi met in Lusaka, Zambia and adopted the Lusaka Declaration entitled Southern Africa: Toward Economic Liberation.
The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was subsequently established by the signatories to the Lusaka Declaration through a Memorandum of Understanding signed on 20 July 1981. SADCC was transformed into the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in 1992 through the SADC Windhoek Declaration and Treaty establishing SADC that was ratified by the SADCC Member States.
The new framework of cooperation was aimed at deeper economic cooperation and integration; pursuit of common economic, political and social values and systems; enhancing enterprise and competiveness; democracy and good governance; respect for the rule of law and the guarantee of human rights; popular participation and alleviation of poverty; and strengthening regional solidarity, peace and security.
The SADC Treaty was amended on 14 August 2001. The amendment of the original SADC Treaty followed introspection by the members that culminated in a number of reports and a review by the Committee of Ministers.6The sectoral model used in the 1992 SADC Treaty, where Member States were given specific sector responsibilities, was initially seen as a model of decentralisation at regional level meant to provide Member States with a sense of ownership of the regional agenda and at the same time avoid a financially burdensome bureaucratisation.7 The decentralised sectoral model would later be abandoned in favour of the centralised current model, as the former was found to be unworkable.8
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Statement of the research problem
1.3 Research questions
1.4 Objectives and scope of the study
1.5 Context and significance of the study
1.6 Terminology
1.7 Research methodology
1.8 Outline of chapters
1.9 Conclusion
CHAPTER 2 Rulemaking/norm setting institutions in SADC
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Locating democracy and rule of law in the SADC legal framework
2.2 The Summit of Heads of State or Government
2.3 The Council of Ministers
2.4 The Sectoral and Cluster Ministerial Committees
2.5 The Standing Committee of Officials
2.6 The Secretariat
2.7 The Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation
2.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Oversight institutions of SADC .
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The SADC Tribunal
3.3 The SADC National Committees
3.4 The SADC Parliamentary Forum
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Shared governance in international institutional law .
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Participatory democracy in the context of classical constitutional law
4.3 Participatory democracy in international organisations
4.4 Shared governance as organisational theory
4.5 Transposing shared governance onto the international plane: The relevance of the shared governance theory in international organisations
4.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 SADC as a member of the broader community of regional economic communities: A comparative analysis
CHAPTER 6 Applying shared governance in SADC
CHAPTER 7 . Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY
