faty
Get Complete Project Material File(s) Now! »
The Normalized difference vegetation index value
The NDVI value for the 1970s showed that 46.14% of the total area was bare land, whereas, 53.86% was covered by vegetation (Table 2.9). The minimum negative NDVI value was -0.93, which showed the bare portion and the maximum NDVI value was 0.93, for the dense vegetation parts of the study area. On the other hand, for the year 2000 the bare land area was 57.20%, (while minimum NDVI value of -0.65) the vegetation covered area was 42.80% (maximum value of NDVI 0.83). The bare land portion was higher than the vegetation covered area for the year 2000 when compared to the 1970s (Table 2.9). This indicated that the vegetation cover or biomass had declined from the 1970 to 2000. The NDVI images showed immense differences in land cover between the 1970s and 2000. There was more vegetation cover loss in 2000 (high proportion of bareness). Generally, a transition from dense vegetation to sparse or bare land increased, which was confirmed in this study. The visual NDVI image observations indicated that there was a reduction of vegetation cover over the last 30 years. Areas with high negative NDVI value were an indicator of a poor vegetation cover (unhealthiness) of the rangeland; whereas, areas with high positive NDVI values were signs of dense vegetation cover or healthiness of the rangeland.
Herbaceous dry matter production
Dry matter production at the different sites across the Borana was significantly different (P<0.01) (Table 3.2). The general ranking of mean dry matter production was Dambala-Wachu > Did Tuyura, Did-Hara, Mana-Soda, Bokkulboma, > Surupha and Medhacho. In addition, the mean dry matter production showed significant (P< 0.01) seasonal variation. The maximum dry matter production was obtained at the end of the main rainy season and the least was recorded in the short rainy season (Table 3.2). There were no significant (P>0.05) differences observed in dry matter production between the early main rainy and short rainy seasons. During early main rainy season, the dry matter recorded in Did-Tuyura was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other sites except Dambala-Wachu. Within the same season, the dry matter observed in Surupha, Medhacho, Bokkulboma and Mana-Soda were not different (P>0.05). On the other hand, Dambala-Wachu had the highest (P<0.001) dry matter production during the end of the main rainy season compared to other grazing areas. The dry matter yields for Medhacho and Surupha remained low at the end of the main rainy season and did not differ with dry matter production of Did-Tuyura and Did- Hara. The highest dry matter production was recorded at Mana Soda and Dambala-Wachu during the short rainy season. Low dry matter was produced at Medhacho, Surupha and Bokkulboma during the short rainy season compared to the other sites. In general, the dry matter production in Borana rangelands showed significant spatial and seasonal variation.
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rangeland management
1.2 The Borana rangelands of Ethiopia
1.3 Challenges in the Borana rangelands
1.4 Motivation of the study
1.5 Objective of the study and hypothesis
1.6 Materials and methods
CHAPTER 2 EVALUATION OF LAND COVER/VEGETATION CHANGES IN THE BORANA RANGELANDS OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA USING REMOTE SENSING ANALYSIS METHODS 2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.3. RESULTS
2.4 DISCUSSION
2.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 3 SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF VEGETATION AND RANGELAND CONDITION IN BORANA, ETHIOPIA
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.3 RESULTS
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4 ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF A MINERAL LICK CENTRED LAND-USE SYSTEM ON CHANGE OF VEGETATION COVER IN THE BORANA
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.3 RESULTS
4.4 DISCUSSION
4.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 5 THE IMPACT OF A PERENNIAL DEEP-WELL WATER POINT ON VEGETATION COMPOSITION AND RANGELAND CONDITION IN BORANA, ETHIOPIA
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
5.3 RESULTS
5.4DISCUSSION
5.5CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 6 NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GRASSES IN SEMI-ARID RANGELANDS OF ETHIOPIA: LOCAL EXPERIENCE BASED HERBAGE PREFERENCE EVALUATION VERSUS LABORATORY ANALYSIS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
6.3 RESULTS
6.4 DISCUSSION
6.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 7 GRAZING CAPACITY OF THE BORANA RANGELANDS SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.3 RESULTS
7.4 DISCUSSION
7.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 8 PERCEPTIONS AND COPING MECHANISMS OF PASTORALISTS TO THE CHANGES AND CHALLENGES IN THE BORANA RANGELANDS
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
8.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
8.4 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 9 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
