The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)

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THE ORGANISATION OF AFRICAN UNITY (OAU)

This was formed as a continental organisation and it served as a vehicle for a common dream amongst African leaders. African leaders became determined to create one united African continent. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, emphasised the need for a “United States of Africa” (Harsch, 2002:20). The independence celebrations of Ghana contributed to a University of Pretoria etd, Makgalancheche W M (2006) move by African leaders to become closer to each other because the celebrations brought together nationalist leaders from all over Africa and Pan-Africanists from the black world, North America and the Caribbean. These celebrations were attended by Western nations, with Nixon representing America (Abraham, 2003:15). Independence celebrations in Ghana signaled pessimistic feelings amongst African leaders who then felt that they were facing a challenge of seeing to it that their nations and people become independent from colonialism. Ghanaian independence demonstrated that Africa had both the will and the capacity to take responsibility for its own renaissance (Mbeki, 2003:27). When one of the African countries became independent, the celebrations amongst Africans marked the beginning of good things to come for the African continent. This was viewed as a first step to dismantle colonialism and to allow Africans to govern themselves and to determine their future. Independence raised hopes amongst African people that their aspirations and wishes for good life would be achieved (Gaisie, 1974: 143-148).
The 21st Century was characterised by factors that led to a growing consensus on a new concept of security that placed more emphasis on people as opposed to the state in order to address their needs and aspirations, which grew immediately after independence. People issues topped the agenda of many world meetings, especially socio-economic issues such as poverty; disease, ignorance and environmental degradation were prioritized high on world meetings. These issues were regarded as volatile and as serious as a nuclear war (Gaisie, 1974: 147-148). This then suggests that it had dawned on the minds of industrialised nations that the plight of Africa could not be left to the Africans alone. African underdevelopment would no longer be relegated to the continent alone because it poses a threat to world stability and sustainable development (Umrabulo, 2002). The role of the African Diaspora could not be over-emphasised in this regard, especially the impact they had on their new homelands.
The historical development of the Organisation for African Unity (OAU) will not be comprehensive without a brief discussion of the Casablanca and the Monrovia groups. They were important groups because they are the first states that attempted to bring African countries together in an endeavour to solve African problems. The formation of the OAU was not an easy process; it involved a lot of hard work, sacrifice and great efforts on the founders of the organisation. The formation of the organisation and the decision on the country to host the continental organisation involved a lot of diplomatic negotiations and discussions. Two groups were identified to map out the initial stages
towards the formation of the OAU (Marzui and Wondji, 2003:367 and www.oaucreation.com).

CHAPTER 1: HISTORIOGRAPHY
1.1. Introduction
1.2. African conditions at the dawn of the 21st century
1.2.1.SocialFactors
1.2.2. Economic factors
1.2.3.Politicalfactors
1.2.3.1.In search of unity
1.3. The Organisation of Africa Unity
1.3.1. The Casablanca Group
1.3.2. The Monrovia Group
1.3.3. Efforts to unite the two groups
1.3.6. The achievements of the Organisation of African Unity
1.3.7. Shortcomings or the challenges confronting the OAU
1.3.8. The dimensions of African Renaissance
1.4. The formation of the African Union
1.4.1. Constitutive Act of the African Union
1.4.2. The achievements of the African Union
1.4.3. Strengths for the African Union
1.4.4. Views of youth and women organizatns
1.4.5. Challenges facing the African Union
1.4.6. NEPAD as an African Union programme
1.5. The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)
1.5.1.TheoriginofNEPAD
1.5.2. Clarifying the idea of a New Partnership for Africa’s Development
1.5.3. The rationale of NEPAD
1.5.4. The aimsand objectives of NEPAD
1.5.5. NEPAD’s Institutional Mechanism
1.5.6. Conditions for Africa’s sustainable development
1.5.7. International Community views on NEPAD
1.5.8. Support pledged by major donor countries
1.5.9.A new Africa in the making
1.6. The African Peer Review Mechanism
1.6.1. Background information on the African Peer Review Mechanism
1.6.2. Structures ofthe APRM
1.6.3. Terms of Office and Office-bearers for APR Panel
1.6.4. Duties and responsibilities of the APR Panel
1.6.5. Logistical arrangements regarding types of review
1.6.6. The APRM process and its benefits
1.6.7. Challenges facing the APRM
1.6.8. Stages in the APRM process
1.7. ChapterConclusion
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Types of Research Approaches
2.2.1. Quantitative Research Strategy
2.2.2. Qualitative Research Strategy
2.3. The Selected Research Approach
2.4. Statement of the problem
2.5. Significance of the study
2.6. Limitations of the study
2.7. Organisation of the study
2.8. Chapter Conclusion
CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Theoretical framework of the study
3.3. Review of related literature
3.4. Varieties of regionalism
3.4.1. Southern African Development Community (SADC)
3.4.2. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
3.4.3. Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
3.4.4. North Africa Economic Region
3.4.5. Central Africa Economic Region
3.5. The OAU – the old paradigm
3.6. The AU – the new paradigm in context
3.6.1. Establishment of regional and sub regional organizations
3.7. Traditional theories of integration
3.7.1. Brain drain and Africa’s underdevelopment
3.7.2. Pooling of resources together
3.7.3. Access in the decision-making processes
3.7.4. Experiences from other world regions
3.7.5. Effects of colonialism on the continent
3.8. Public administration and policy models of governance
3.8.1. Challenges of Governance and Public Administration
3.9. The governance and leadership imperatives of NEPAD/ APRM on Africa
3.9.1. The determinants of and indicators of leadership, governance, public policy
3.9.2. Good governance
3.9.3. Characteristics of countries with poor governance
3.9.4. African leadership and the need for development
3.10. Chapter Conclusion
CHAPTER 4: CASE STUDY
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
4.2.1. The objectives of ECOWAS
4.2.2. Problems of ECOWAS
4.2.3. Achievements in the regio
4.2.4. Some challenges for the region
4.3. Southern African Development Community (SADC)
4.3.1. Objectives of SADC
4.3.2. Problems experienced in Southern Africa
4.3.3. Challenges facing the region
4.3.4. Prospects of successful integration in Southern Africa
4.4. Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
4.4.1. The purpose of COMESA
4.4.2. Priorities of COMESA
4.4.3. Institutional framework of COMESA
4.4.4. Notable achievements of COMESA
4.4.5. Challenges facing COMESA
4.5. Chapter Conclusion
CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF CASES
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY