The possibility of influence between Matthew 3:17, Luke 3:22, Mark 1:11 and Acts 13:33

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Introduction

The present study will attempt to answer the following question: To what extent does the transmission history of Codex Bezae’s Greek text of Acts show awareness of the explicit quotations’ Old Testament origin and to what extent did this awareness play a role in the textual tradition up to the final formation of the manuscript’s text? Investigating the textual tradition of the New Testament remains a matter of prime concern for New Testament scholars. Not only the recovery of the “initial” text, but also the study of the transmission thereof shed precious light on the history of the early Church and the beginnings of Christianity.Within this greater enterprise, the study of the textual differences of the Old Testament quotations in the New Testament finds its place.

Frequent abbreviations, references to Scripture and definitions

A number of abbreviations and terms will be used so frequently in this study that is advisable to discuss them here, even before the research problem is set out in detail. The Greek side of Codex Bezae will be designated by D05 in the rest of this study. The Latin side will be designated by d05. The designation D05 will also be used as shorthand for both the Greek and Latin sides where the argument concerns the manuscript or the quotations of both texts as a whole. “New Testament” will be abbreviated as NT and “Old Testament” as OT.

Research problem

The research problem with which this study concerns itself can be stated, in the form of a question, as follows: To what extent does the transmission history of Codex Bezae’s Greek text of Acts show awareness of the explicit quotations’ Old Testament origin and to what extent did this awareness play a role in the textual tradition up to the final formation of the manuscript’s text? The discussion of this research problem will proceed by pointing out the evident indicators of OT awareness in the D05 text, after which an example will be given to illustrate the nature and the need of the research problem. Two different planes will then be identified that have to be addressed in answering this study’s research question.

Patent indicators of OT awareness in D05: layout and text

A possibly helpful but mostly neglected key in understanding the OT quotations in D05 is the manuscript’s layout – that is to say, the way the text has physically been arranged on the manuscript itself. At the time of its production, the Acts text of D05 shows clear awareness of OT quotations in its textual layout by way of indentation – albeit only for quotations from Isaiah and the Psalms (Parker 1992:32).

Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Introduction
1.1. Frequent abbreviations, references to Scripture and definitions
1.2. Research problem
1.2.1. Patent indicators of OT awareness in D05: layout and text
1.2.2. The quotation of Isaiah 49:6 in D05’s Acts 13:47 as illustration of the research problem
1.2.3. Explicit OT quotations at the time of D05’s production
1.2.4. Explicit OT quotations during the course of D05’s transmission history
1.2.5. Summary of the research problem
1.3. Presuppositions and limitations
1.3.1. Presuppositions with regard to the textual history of D05
1.3.2. The designation of manuscripts, witnesses and textual groupings
1.3.3. Limitation of this study to explicit quotations of the Psalms, Minor Prophets and Isaiah
1.3.4. Limitations and presuppositions with regard to the codicological and palaeographical study of D05
1.3.5. Limitations with regard to the correctors of D05
1.3.6. Limitation with regard to OT quotations and allusions
1.3.7. Limitations with regard to hermeneutics
1.4. Research History
1.5. Methodology
1.5.1. Division of chapters based on OT books
1.5.2. The structure of the investigation
1.5.3. Engagement with secondary literature
1.6. Conclusion
Chapter 2: Explicit quotations from the Psalms in D05
1. Introduction
1.1. General Introduction
1.2 Text-critical sources used for this chapter
2. Acts 1:20 / Psalm 68:26 (LXX)
2.1. The physical text of D05
2.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
2.1.2. Corrections in D05
2.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
2.1.4. Corrections in d05
2.2. Other quotations or allusions to Psalm 68:26 (LXX) in the text of D05
2.2.1. Luke 13:35 / Psalm 68:26 (LXX)
2.3. Introductory formula
2.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
2.4.1. D05 ΓΕΝΗΘΗΤΩΝ ΕΠΑΥΛΙϹ
2.4.2. D05 ΑΥΤΟΥ / d05 EORUM
2.4.3. D05 ΜΗ Η
2.5. Conclusion
3. Acts 1:20 / Psalm 108:8 (LXX)
3.1. The physical text of D05
3.2. Other quotations or allusions to Psalm 108:8 (LXX) in the text of D05
3.3. Introductory formula
3.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
3.4.1. D05 ΛΑΒΕΤΩ / d05 SUMAT
3.5. Conclusion
4. Acts 2:25-28 / Psalm 15:8-11 (LXX)
4.1. The physical text of D05
4.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
4.1.2. Corrections in D05
4.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
4.1.4. Corrections in d05
4.2. Other quotations or allusions to Psalm 15:8-11 (LXX) in the text of D05
4.2.1. Psalm 15:10 (LXX) / Acts 2:31
4.3. Introductory formula
4.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
4.4.1. D05 ΚΝ ΜΟΥ / d05 DNM MEUM
4.4.2. D05 Ε(Κ) ΔΕΞΙΩΝ ΜΟΥ / d05 A DEXTRA MEA
4.4.3. D05 ΕΙϹ ΑΔΗΝ / d05 APUT INFEROS
4.4.4. D05 ΓΝΩΡΙϹΑϹ
4.5. Conclusion
5. Acts 2:34-35 / Psalm 109:1 (LXX)
5.1. The physical text of D05
5.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
5.1.2. Corrections in D05
5.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
5.1.4. Corrections in d05
5.2. Other quotations or allusions to Psalm 109:1 (LXX) in the text of D05
5.2.1. Psalm 109:1 (LXX) in Matthew 22:44, Luke 20:42 and Mark 12:36
5.2.1.1. Psalm 109:1 (LXX) / Matthew 22:44
5.2.1.2. Psalm 109:1 (LXX) / Luke 20:42-43
5.2.1.3. Psalm 109:1 (LXX) / Mark 12:36
5.2.1.4. Textual differences between the quotations of Psalm 109:1 (LXX) in D05
5.2.2. Psalm 109:1 (LXX) in Matthew 26:64, Luke 22:69 and Mark 14:62
5.3. Introductory formula
5.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
5.4.1. D05 ΛΕΓΕΙ / d05 DIXIT
5.4.2. D05 has no equivalence for the article (ὁ) before Κ
5.4.3. D05 ΕΚ ΔΕΞΙΩΝ ΜΟΥ / d05 AD DEXTERAM MEAM
5.4.4. D05 ΕΩϹ ΘΩ / d05 DONEC PONAM
5.4.5. d05 SCAMILLUM
5.5. Conclusion
6. Acts 4:25-26 / Psalm 2:1-2
6.1. The physical text of D05
6.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
6.1.2. Corrections in D05
6.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
6.1.4. Corrections in d05
6.2. Other quotations or allusions to Psalm 2:1-2 in the text of D05
6.2.1. Psalm 2:1-2 / Acts 4:27
6.3. Introductory formula
6.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
6.4.1. D05 ΚΑΙΝΑ / d05 INANIA
6.5. Conclusion
7. Acts 13:33 / Psalm 2:7-8
7.1. The physical text of D05
7.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
7.1.2. Corrections in D05
7.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
7.1.4. Corrections in d05
7.2. Other quotations or allusions to Psalm 2:7-8 in the text of D05
7.2.1. Psalm 2:7 in Matthew 3:17, Luke 3:22 and Mark 1:11
7.2.1.1. Psalm 2:7 / Matthew 3:17
7.3.1.2. Psalm 2:7 / Luke 3:22
7.2.1.3. Psalm 2:7 / Mark 1:11
7.2.1.4. The possibility of influence between Matthew 3:17, Luke 3:22, Mark 1:11 and Acts 13:33
7.3. Introductory formula
7.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
7.5. Conclusion
8. Acts 13:35 / Psalm 15:10 (LXX)
8.1. The physical text of D05
8.2. Other quotations or allusions to Psalm 15:10 (LXX) in the text of D05
8.3. Introductory formula
8.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
8.5. Conclusion
9. Conclusion
Chapter 3: Explicit quotations from the Twelve Minor Prophets in D05
1. Introduction
1.1. General introduction
1.2. Text-critical sources used for this chapter
2. Acts 2:17-2:21 / Joel 3:1-5 (LXX)
2.1. The physical text of D05
2.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
2.1.2. Corrections in D05
2.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
2.1.4. Corrections in d05
2.2. Other quotations or allusions to Joel 3:1-5 (LXX) in the text of D05
2.2.1. Joel 3:(3-)4 (LXX) in Matthew 24:29, Luke 21:25 and Mark 13:24
2.2.1.1. Joel 3:4 (LXX) / Matthew 24:29
2.2.1.2. Joel 3:4 (LXX) / Mark 13:24
2.2.1.3. Joel 3:3-4 (LXX) / Luke 21:25
2.2.2. Joel 3:5 (LXX) / Acts 2:39
2.3. Introductory formula
2.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
2.4.1. D05 ΕΝ ΤΑΙϹ ΕϹΧΑΤΑΙϹ ΗΜΕΡΑΙϹ / d05 IN NOUISSIMIS DIEBUS
2.4.2. D05 (ΛΕΓΕΙ) ΚϹ/ d05 (DICIT) DNS
2.4.3. D05 ΕΚΧΕΩ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΥ ΠΝ ϹΜΟΥ / d05 EFFUNDAM SPM (SPIRITUM – Acts 2:18) MEUM
2.4.4. D05 ΠΑϹΑϹ ϹΑΡΚΑϹ / d05 OMNEM CARNEM
2.4.5. D05 ΑΥΤΩΝ, no equivalent for ὑμῶν / d05 EORUM, no equivalent for vester
2.4.6. D05 has no equivalent for αἱ before ΘΥΓΑΤΡΕϹ / d05 has no equivalent for the article (αἱ)
2.4.7. D05 has no equivalent for ἐνυπνίοις / ἐνύπνια / d05 SOMNIA
2.4.8. D05 (ΚΑΙ) ΕΓΩ / d05 (ET) EGO
2.4.9. D05 has no equivalent for ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις / d05 has no equivalent for in diebus illis
2.4.10. D05 has no equivalent for καὶ προφητεύσουσιν / d05 has no equivalent for et prophetabunt
2.4.11. D05 has no equivalent for αἷμα καὶ πῦρ καὶ ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ / d05 has no equivalent for sanguinem et ignem et vaporem fumi
2.4.12. D05 has no equivalent for καὶ ἐπιφανῆ / d05 has no equivalent for et manifestu
2.4.13. D05 (ΟΝΟΜΑ) ΤΟΥ (ΚΥ
) / d05 has no equivalent for the article
2.5. Conclusion
3. Acts 7:42-43 / Amos 5:25-27
3.1. The physical text of D05
3.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
3.1.2. Corrections in D05
3.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
3.1.4. Corrections in d05
3.2. Other quotations or allusions to Amos 5:25-27 in the text of D05
3.3. Introductory formula
3.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
3.4.1. D05 has no equivalent for (θεοῦ) ὑμῶν / d05 has no equivalent for (dei) uestri
3.4.2. D05 ΡΕΜΦΑΜ / d05 REMPHAM
3.4.3. D05 ΕΠΙ [ΤΑ ΜΕΡΗ] ΒΑΒΥΛΩΝΟϹ / d05 IN ILLAS PARTES BABYLONIS
3.5. Conclusion
4. Acts 13:41 / Habakkuk 1:5
4.1. The physical text of D05
4.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
4.1.2. Corrections in D05
4.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
4.1.4. Corrections in d05
4.2. Other quotations or allusions to Habakkuk 1:5 in the text of D05
4.3. Introductory formula
4.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
4.4.1. D05 has no equivalent for ἔργον (ὅ) / d05 has no equivalent for opus (quod)
4.4.2. D05 ΕΚΔΙΗΓΗϹΕΤΑΙ / d05 EXPOSUERIT
4.4.3. D05 ΚΑΙ ΕϹΕΙΓΗϹΑΝ / d05 ET TACUERUNT
4.5. Conclusion
5. Acts 15:16-17(18) / Amos 9:11-12 (LXX)
5.1. The physical text of D05
5.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
5.1.2. Corrections in D05
5.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
5.1.4. Corrections in d05
5.2. Other quotations or allusions to Amos 9:11-12 in the text of D05
5.3. Introductory formula
5.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
5.4.1. D05 ΔΕ … ΕΠΙϹΤΡΕΨΩ / d05 AUTEM … CONUERTAR
5.4.2. D05 ΤΑ ΚΑΤΑϹΚΑΜΜΕΝΑ / d05 QUAE DIMOLITA SUNT
5.4.3. D05 ΤΟΝ ΘΝ / d05 DM
5.4.4. D05 ΠΟΙΗϹΕΙ / d05 FACIENS
5.4.5. D05 ΓΝΩϹΤΟΝ ΑΠ ΑΙΩΝΟϹ ΕϹΤΙΝ ΤΩ ΚΩ ΤΟ ΕΡΓΟΝ ΑΥΤΟΥ / d05 NOTUM A SAECULO EST DNO OPUS IPSIUS
5.5. Conclusion
6. Conclusion
Chapter 4: Explicit quotations from Isaiah in D05
1. Introduction
1.1. General introduction
1.2. Text-critical sources used for this chapter
2. Acts 7:49-50 / Isaiah 66:1-2
2.1. The physical text of D05
2.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
2.1.2. Corrections in D05
2.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
2.1.4. Corrections in d05
2.2. Other quotations or allusions to Isaiah 66:1-2 in the text of D05
2.2.1. Isaiah 66:1 / Matthew 5:34-35a
2.2.2. Isaiah 66:1 / John 4:21
2.3. Introductory formula
2.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
2.4.1. D05 ΜΟΥ ΕϹΤΙΝ ΘΡΟΝΟϹ / d05 EST MEUS THRONUS
2.4.2. D05 ΫΠΟΠΟΔΙΟΝ / d05 SCAMILLUM
2.4.3. D05 ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗϹΕΤΑΙ / d05 AEDIFICATIS
2.4.4. D05 ΠΟΙΟϹ / d05 QUIS
2.4.5. D05 ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥϹΕΩϹ / d05 REQUENS
2.4.6. D05 ΜΟΥ ΕϹΤΙ d05 MEA EST
2.4.7. D05 ΠΑΝΤΑ ΤΑΥΤΑ / d05 HAEC OMNIA
2.5. Conclusion
3. Acts 13:34 / Isaiah 55:3-4
3.1. The physical text of D05
3.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
3.1.2. Corrections in D05
3.1.3. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
3.1.4. Corrections in d05
3.2. Other quotations or allusions to Isaiah 55:3-4 in the text of D05
3.3. Introductory formula
3.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
3.5. Conclusion
4. Acts 13:47 / Isaiah 49:6
4.1. The physical text of D05
4.1.1. Indentation and paragraph markers in D05
4.1.2. Corrections in D05
4.1.2. Indentation and paragraph markers in d05
4.1.4. Corrections in d05
4.2. Other quotations or allusions to Isaiah 49:6 in the text of D05
4.2.1. Isaiah 49:6 / Matthew 12:18
4.2.2. Isaiah 49:6 / Luke 2:32
4.2.3. Isaiah 49:6 / John 8:12
4.2.4. Isaiah 49:6 / Acts 1:8
4.3. Introductory formula
4.4. OT awareness and the text of the quotation
4.4.1. D05 ΪΔΟΥ / d05 ECCE
4.4.2. D05 ΦΩϹ ΤΕΘΕΙΚΑ ϹΕ ΤΟΙϹ ΕΘΝΕϹΙΝ / d05 LUMEN POSUI TE SUPER GENTIBUS
4.4.3. D05 ΤΟΥ ΕΙΝΑΙ ϹΕ ΕΙϹ ϹΩΤΗΡΙΑΝ ΕΩϹ ΕϹΧΑΤΟΥ ΤΗϹ ΓΗϹ / d05 UT SINT IN SALUTEM USQUAE AD ULTIMUM TERRAE
4.5. Conclusion
5. Conclusion
Chapter 5: Conclusion
1. Introduction
2. Influence from other quotations and allusions in D05 on the explicit OT quotations in
the Acts in D05
3. Possible indicators of OT awareness in the layout of the explicit OT quotations in D05
4. Introductory formulae of the explicit quotations of the Psalms, Minor Prophets and
Isaiah in D05
5. OT awareness in the text of the explicit quotations of the Psalms, Minor Prophets and
Isaiah in D05
6. Relation between layout, introductory formulae and text of explicit quotations of the
Psalms, Minor Prophets and Isaiah in Acts in D05
7. Suggestions for further research
8. Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY