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Table of contents
1 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Green Skyscraper and its features
1.3 Skyscraper
1.4 Differences between a Skyscraper and Green Skyscraper
1.5 Problem Identification
1.6 Specific Aim
1.7 Objectives
1.8 Rational of the Thesis
1.9 Methodology
2 Chapter 2: Green Building Rating System
2.1 LEED points available for green roof
2.2 LEED points available for green walls
2.3 LEED points available for BioFilter
2.4 FLL Guideline for Performance rating systems
2.5 Karlsruhe Performance Rating System
2.6 Green building rating system in Asia
2.7 Fields need to be focused
3 Chapter 3: Provisions of incorporating plants
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Green Roofs: Green outer
3.2.1 Examples of Green Roofing
3.3 Green Wall: Green outer
3.3.1 Green Wall Categories
3.3.2 Examples of Green Wall
3.4 Biofilters: Green Inner
3.4.1 Examples of Biofilter
3.5 Indoor Plants: Green Inner
3.5.1 Examples of Indoor Plants
4 Chapter 4: Benefits of Incorporating Green
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Potential green roof benefits
4.2.1 Energy budgets of individual buildings
4.2.1.1 Energy Saving Calculation
4.2.1.2 Economic Benefit
4.2.1.3 Effect of soil moisture content on Energy Savings
4.2.1.4 Temperature variation of thin Green roof system
4.2.1.5 Reduce HVAC Cooling loads
4.2.2 Urban heat island
4.2.3 Stormwater management implications
4.2.4 Air quality impacts
4.2.5 Green amenity space
4.2.6 Habitat preservation
4.2.7 Property values
4.2.8 Sound Insulator
4.2.9 Extend Roof Life
4.2.10 Derivation of economic benefit from green roofs
4.2.10.1 Time period
4.2.10.2 Discount rate
4.2.10.3 Installation and maintenance costs
4.2.10.4 Energy cost savings
4.2.10.5 Urban heat island
4.2.10.6 Stormwater flow reduction
4.2.10.7 Air pollution and greenhouse gas effects
4.2.10.8 Aesthetic benefits
4.2.10.9 Job creation
4.2.11 Cost-benefit ratios and life-cycle cost assessments
4.2.12 Green Roof: Fast Facts
4.2.13 Green Roof Barriers and Overcomes
4.2.13.1 Cost
4.2.13.2 Repairs
4.2.13.3 Aesthetic
4.2.13.4 Lack of Expertise
4.2.13.5 Lack of Research and Standards
4.2.14 Ensuring Proper Long-Term Maintenance
4.3 Potential Green Walls Benefits
4.3.1 Reduce energy consumption
4.3.2 Reduce Heat Island Effect
4.3.3 Reduce Heat Gain
4.3.4 Sound Insulator
4.3.5 Prevent Bird kill
4.3.6 Ecological Preservation and beautification
4.3.7 Precaution and maintenance for green wall
4.4 Potential Biofilter Benefit
4.4.1 Removes Pollutants from Indoor Air
4.4.2 Reduces HVAC Energy Consumption
4.4.3 Retrofit Biofilter system
4.4.4 Provides Dramatic Aesthetic Amenity
4.4.5 Provides Equivalent Outdoor Air Exchanges
4.4.6 Adds Oxygen
4.4.7 Create economic benefit
4.4.8 Potted plants vs. Biofilters
4.4.9 Some shortcomings of Biofilter
4.4.9.1 Generation of noise
4.4.9.2 Require direct Sunlight
4.4.10 Future possibilities
4.5 Benefits of Indoor Planting
4.5.1 Noise reduction
4.5.2 Increase of productivity
4.5.3 Reduce sickness absence
4.5.4 Improve indoor environment quality
4.5.5 Staff pressures / recruitment / retention
4.5.6 Government pressure / incentives
4.5.7 Other positive impacts of planting
4.5.7.1 Alternatives to manufactured/engineered solutions to building problems
4.5.7.2 Reducing demand on the water supply
4.5.7.3 Cooling
4.5.7.4 Improvements in indoor air quality
4.5.7.5 Improvements in well-being
4.5.8 Some drawbacks
4.6 Summary
4.6.1 The environmental benefits of green buildings
4.6.2 The optimal use of plants
4.6.3 Additional way of energy savings
4.6.4 Obstacles for integrating plants
4.6.5 Differences for building green in the different parts of the world
5 Chapter 5: Technologies to incorporate Green into Skyscraper
5.1 Green Roof Design Technology
5.1.1 Category of Green Roof Design
5.1.1.1 Complete systems
5.1.1.2 Modular systems
5.1.1.3 Pre-cultivated vegetation blankets
5.1.2 Extensive verses Intensive green roof design
5.1.2.1 According to Construction Options
5.1.2.2 Roof Slope
5.1.2.3 Cost effectiveness
5.1.2.4 Comparison between Intensive and Extensive Green Roof
5.1.3 Typical Plants for Living Roofs
5.2 Green wall Design Technology
5.2.2 Types of green walls
5.2.3 Types of green façade support structures
5.2.4 Best plant types to use for green walls
5.2.5 Negative aspects of green wall
5.3 Biofilter design Technology
5.3.1 Types of living wall
5.3.1.1 Options for making a Living Wall active
5.3.2 Alternative to ventilation
5.3.3 How Biofilters work
5.3.4 Reason of using green plants into Biofilter
5.3.5 Capacity of Air Filtration
5.3.6 Maintenance
5.3.7 Some Drawbacks
5.3.3 Typical Plants for Biofilters
5.4 Plants of Green Pockets
5.4.1 Type of Indoor Plants
5.4.1.1 Night time workers
5.4.1.2 Plants which raise humidity levels
5.4.1.3 Best air cleaning flowering plants
5.5 Reluctance of incorporating plants
5.6 Regulations for green design
5.6.1 Washington State Law
5.6.2 Green roof policies in some other countries
6 Chapter 6: Case Studies
6.1 Ecological-Skyscrapers
6.1.1 The EDITT Tower, Singapore
6.1.2 Tokyo Nara Tower, Tokyo
6.1.3 Chilean Consortia Building, Santiago, Chile
6.2 Some other case studies of designed green structure
6.2.1 Tennessee Tower, Tennessee: Green Roof Case Study
6.2.2 The Pinnacle at Symphony Center: Green Roof Case Study
6.2.3 Cambridge City Hall: Green Wall Case Study
6.2.4 The Living Wall at Club Monaco: An Urban Biofiltration Case Study
6.2.5 The Genzyme Center: Case Study of Indoor Planting
7 Chapter 7: Discussion
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Discussion about the findings
7.3 Recommendations
7.3.1 Vegetation based on Building’s location
7.3.2 Location of deep soil for extensive roof
7.3.3 Green wall support for skyscrapers
7.3.4 Design options for green wall in skyscrapers
7.3.5 Ecological Nexus: Design to make it environmentally viable
7.3.6 Planting design in built forms for economic, social and environmental benefit
7.3.7 Green roofs in a greater scale
7.4 Some policy guidelines
7.4.1 Educational Benefit of green roof and green wall: A socially viable issue
7.4.2 Economic Value for building “Green”
7.4.3. Reducing Ecological Impact for environmental benefit
7.4.4. Performance Rating Systems
7.4.5 Other Policy Initiatives and Tools: Competitions and Media Coverage
7.4.6 Greening of Public Buildings
7.5 Conclusion
8 References
