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Table of contents
1 INTRODUCTION
2 OBJECTIVES
3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
3.1 Titanium: Physical Metallurgy
3.2 Ti13Nb13Zr alloy
3.3 Ti35Nb7Zr5Ta alloy
3.4 Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD)
3.5 Surface modification treatments
3.5.1 The growth of TiO2 nanostructures by electrochemical anodization
3.5.2 Chemical treatment by acid etching and alkali activation
3.6 Electrochemical characterization
3.6.1 Measurements of open circuit potential (OCP)
3.6.2 The principle of potentiodynamic polarization and extrapolation of Tafel
3.6.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
3.6.4 Corrosion of ultrafine-grained materials obtained by severe plastic deformation
3.7 Osseointegration
4 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1 Preparation of samples
4.2 High-Pressure Torsion (HPT) deformation
4.3 Surface modification treatments
4.3.1 Electrochemical anodization
4.3.2 Chemical treatment by acid etching and alkali activation
4.4 Electrochemical characterization
4.4.1 Experimental assembly
4.4.2 Protocol and measurement sequence
4.5 Bioactivity assays
4.6 Methods of characterization of samples
4.6.1 Mechanical characterization
5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS: Ti13Nb13Zr ALLOY
5.1 Microstructural and mechanical characterizations
5.1.1 Polished samples
5.1.2 Anodized samples
5.1.3 Samples chemically treated by HCl etching and NaOH activation
5.1.4 Samples chemically treated by H3PO4 etching and NaOH activation
5.2 Electrochemistry characterization
5.2.1 Polished samples
5.2.2 Anodized samples
5.2.3 Samples chemically treated by HCl etching and NaOH activation
5.2.4 Samples chemically treated by H3PO4 etching and NaOH activation
5.3 Modeling of impedance spectra for samples of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy
5.3.1 EEC proposed for polished samples
5.3.2 EEC proposed for anodized samples
5.3.3 EEC proposed to samples chemically treatment by HCl etching and NaOH activation
5.3.4 EEC proposed to samples chemically treatment by H3PO4 etching and NaOH activation
5.4 Bioactivity of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy
5.4.1 Bioactivity of polished samples
5.4.2 Bioactivity of anodized samples
5.4.3 Bioactivity of samples chemically treatment by HCl etching and NaOH activation
5.4.4 Bioactivity of samples chemically treatment by H3PO4 etching and NaOH activation
6 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS: Ti35Nb7Zr5Ta ALLOY
6.1 Microstructural and mechanical characterizations
6.1.1 Polished samples
6.1.2 Anodized samples
6.1.3 Samples chemically treated by HCl etching and NaOH activation
6.1.4 Samples chemically treated by H3PO4 etching and NaOH activation
6.2 Electrochemistry characterization
6.2.1 Polished samples
6.2.2 Anodized samples
6.2.3 Samples chemically treated by HCl etching and NaOH activation
6.2.4 Samples chemically treated by H3PO4 etching and NaOH activation
6.3 Modeling of impedance spectra for samples of Ti35Nb7Zr5Ta alloy
6.3.1 EEC proposed for polished samples
6.3.2 EEC proposed for anodized samples
6.3.3 EEC proposed for samples chemically treated by HCl etching and NaOH activation
6.3.4 EEC proposed for samples chemically treated by H3PO4 etching and NaOH activation
6.4 Bioactivity of Ti35Nb7Zr5Ta alloy
6.4.1 Bioactivity of polished samples
6.4.2 Bioactivity of samples anodized
6.4.3 Bioactivity of samples chemically treated by HCl etching and NaOH activation
6.4.4 Bioactivity of samples chemically treated by H3PO4 etching and NaOH activation
7 DISCUSSION
8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
9 REFERENCES
