Mouse bioassay and qPCR

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Table of contents

Contenu
Remerciements
Résume
Резиме
Abstract
Introduction
Biology and epidemiology
Life cycle
Strains and spread-out
Diagnostic
Indirect
Epidemiology in animals
Wild animals
Domestic animals
Pigs
Direct detection of Toxoplasma gondii
Bioassay
PCR based techniques
Strain isolation in Europe
Wild animals
Pigs
Meat protection and inactivation of T. gondii in meat products
Objectives
1. Section 1: Toxoplasma gondii infection in pork produced in France
1.1. SUMMARY
KEY FINDINGS
1.2. INTRODUCTION
1.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
1.3.1. Sampling strategy
1.3.2. Sampling protocol
1.3.3. Serology test
1.3.4. Mouse bioassay and qPCR
1.3.5. Genotyping of T. gondii isolates
1.3.6. Definition of cases
1.3.7. Statistical analysis
1.4. RESULTS
1.4.1. Collected samples
1.4.2. Seroprevalence analysis
1.4.3. Seroprevalence in pigs from intensive farms
1.4.4. Seroprevalence in pigs from outdoor farms
1.4.5. Live parasite isolation
1.4.6. Concordance between serology and parasite isolation
1.4.7. Risk-factor analysis
1.5. DISCUSSION
2. Section 2: Factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in confined farrow-to-finish pig herds in Western France: an exploratory study in 60 herds
2.1. Summary
2.2. Background
2.3. Materials and methods
2.3.1. Database and serum bank
2.3.2. Herd selection and risk factors
2.3.3. Serology testing
2.3.4. Statistical analysis
2.4. Results
2.4.1. Animal, farm and within-farm levels of T. gondii frequency of seropositivity
2.4.2. Risk factor analysis
2.5. Discussion
2.6. Conclusion
3. Section 3 Working title: Relationship between direct and indirect detection methods of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected pigs
3.1. Summary
3.2. Introduction
3.3. Materials and Methods
3.3.1. Pig samples
3.3.2. Indirect detection test – MAT
3.3.3. Direct detection of infectious parasites (mouse bioassay) or parasitic DNA (qPCR and MCPCR)
3.3.4. Statistical analysis
3.4. Results
3.4.1. MAT concordance and correlation between sera and cardiac juice
3.4.2. Direct detection of T. gondii in pigs
3.4.3. Sensitivity and specificity of MAT on sera and cardiac juices
3.4.4. Concordance between direct detection methods
3.5. Discussion
3.5.1. Cut off analysis for MAT on sera and cardiac juice
3.5.2. Comparisons between MAT on sera and cardiac juices
3.5.3. Concordance results between direct detection methods
3.5.4. Comparison between indirect and direct detection methods
3.6. Conclusions
4. Section 4 Working title: Toxoplasma gondii antigen for MAT produced in cell culture
4.1. Summary
4.2. Introduction
4.3. Materials and Methods
4.3.1. Antigen definition
4.3.2. Mouse antigen preparation
4.3.3. Cell culture antigen formulation
4.3.4. Samples for testing
4.3.5. Modified agglutination test
4.3.6. Statistical analysis
4.4. Results
4.4.1. Antigen production
4.4.2. Concordance
4.4.3. Correlation
4.4.4. Cost-benefit
4.5. Discussion
General discussion and conclusions
Pork production and sampling problems
Breeding type is important for T. gondii prevalence in pigs
Quantitative prediction of pork as an important source for human infection
Prevalence of T. gondii in intensive pig farms from Bretagne: comparison between two studies
Comparison between T. gondii prevalence in pigs, sheep and cattle, three national surveillance plans in France
Can MAT be useful tool for screening of pigs for T. gondii infection
List of Publications
Scientific articles
Expert commission participation
Oral Presentations on international congresses