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Table of contents
General introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction to polymer physics and interpenetrating polymer network
Introduction
1. Basic concepts of rubber elastic
1.1 Elasticity of a single molecule
1.2 Elasticity of a three-dimensional polymer network
2. Continuum theories of rubber elasticity
2.1 Affine network model
2.2 Phantom network theory
2.3 Slip-tube model
2.4 Mooney-Rivlin model
3. Mechanical behavior of polymers
3.1 Stress-Strain behavior of polymers
3.2 Fracture mechanics in polymers
3.3 Energy dissipation
3.3.1 The Mullins effect
3.3.2 Permanent set
3.3.3 Hysteresis
3.3.4 Anisotropy
4. Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs)
4.1 Sequential IPNs
4.2 Simultaneous Interpenetrating Network (SIN)
4.3 Latex IPNs
4.4 Gradient IPNs
4.5 Thermoplastic IPNs
4.6 Semi-IPNs
5. Conclusions and objectives of the manuscript
References
Chapter 2: Synthesis of silicone multiple networks
Introduction
1. Silicones
1.1 General features of silicones
1.2 Crosslinking of Silicones
1.1.1 Room Temperature Vulcanization (RTV)
1.1.2 Heat-activated radical cure or High Temperature Vulcanization (HTV)
1.1.3 Transition metal catalyzed hydrosilylation or addition cure
1.3 State of the art in silicone elastomer
2. Method and synthesis
2.1 Chemicals and reagents
2.2 Synthesis and reaction conditions
2.2.1 Synthesis of the silicone highly crosslinked network
2.2.2 Silicone loosely crosslinked network
2.2.3 Extraction of the uncrosslinked fraction
2.2.4 Drying process
2.3 Stoichiometry study of silicone highly crosslinked network (1st network)
2.4 Stoichiometry study of silicone prepolymer (2nd network without crosslink)
2.4.1 Curing time of the silicone prepolymer……….
2.5 Stoichiometry study of silicone loosely crosslinked network (2nd network with crosslink)
2.6 Silicone multiple networks
2.6.1 Swelling process
2.6.2 Synthesis and reaction conditions of the multiple networks
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Mechanical properties and characterization of silicone multiple networks
Introduction
1. Materials and methods
1.1 Rheology experiments
1.1.1 Steady shear testing
1.1.2 Dynamic mechanical testing
1.2 Mechanical testing experiments
1.2.1 Tensile test
1.2.2 Step-cycle extension
1.2.3 Fracture in a single edge notch test
2. Effect of Stoichiometry on the mechanical properties of simple silicone networks
2.1 Silicone highly crosslinked networks (1st network)
2.1.1 Stoichiometry of silicone small mesh size networks, using PDMS-V6k
2.1.2 Stoichiometry of silicone large mesh size networks, using PDMS-V17k
2.1.3 Selection of the 1st networks: summary
2.2 Silicone loosely crosslinked networks (2nd network)
2.2.1 Optimization of the stoichiometry of silicone prepolymer without any crosslinker
2.2.2 Dynamic rheology of silicone prepolymer without crosslinker
2.3 Loosely crosslinked networks of silicone
3. Silicone multiple networks
3.1 Silicone multiple networks based on PDMS-V6k made in solvent
3.2 Silicone multiple networks based on PDMS-V17k synthesized in the bulk
3.3 Silicone multiple networks based on PDMS-V17k made in solvent
4. Energy dissipation characteristic of silicone multiple networks
5. Fracture mechanic of silicone multiple networks
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Synthesis of latex double network films
Introduction
1. Latex
1.1 General feature and application of latex
1.2 Emulsion polymerization
1.3 RAFT polymerization
1.4 Block copolymers through RAFT-mediated polymerization
1.5 Surfactant free core-shell latex mediated by RAFT polymerization
1.6 Latex film formation process
1.7 State of the art and aims of this study
2. Method and synthesis
2.1 Chemicals and reagents
2.2 Latex characterization methods
2.2.1 Gravimetric analysis
2.2.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
2.2.3 Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)
2.2.4 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
2.2.5 pH-meter
2.2.6 Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM)
2.3 P(BA-co-BDA) crosslinked latex synthesized by radical emulsion polymerization
2.4 PAA-b-PBA core-shell latex synthesized by RAFT emulsion polymerization
2.4.1 PAA-TCC macro-RAFT agent
2.4.2 PAA-b-PBA latex
2.4.3 PAA-b-PBA latex with crosslinked PBA-core
2.4.4 PAA-b-PBA latex with Na+ counter ion
3. Latex film formation
3.1 Drying process and conditions
3.2 PAA-b-PBA film with added PADAME
3.3 P(BA-co-BDA) and PAA-b-PBA films with added PAA homopolymer
3.4 Thermally annealed latex film
4. Latex double network films
4.1 Swelling study of latex film
4.2 PBA elastomer, serving as an interpenetrating network to DN
4.3 Latex double network synthesis and conditions
4.4 HMP consumption effect
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Structure and Mechanical properties of latex films and DN made from latex films
Introduction
Part I: Mechanical properties of latex films
1. Mechanical properties of the PBA, serving as an interpenetrating network for DN films
2 The differences between P(BA-co-BDA) latex films and PAA-b-PBA core-shell latex films.
2.1 P(BA-co-BDA) crosslinked latex films (0.5 mol% BDA)
2.2 PBA-b-PAA core-shell latex films
2.3 Differences between crosslinked latex, P(BA-co-BDA), and core-shell latex, PAA-b- PBA
3 Mechanical results of PAA-b-PBA core-shell latex films with modified compositions
3.1 PAA-b-PBA latex film with a crosslinked PAA-Shell
3.1.1 Crosslinked PAA-shells by added PADAME
3.1.1-1 SN films of PAA-b-PBA with added PADAME
3.1.1-2 DN films based on PAA-b-PBA with added PADAME…..
3.1.2 Ionic interactions through PAA deprotonation with NaOH instead of NH4OH
3.1.2-1 SN films of PAA-b-PBA with Na+ counter ions
3.1.2-2 DN films based on PAA-b-PBA with Na+ counter ions
3.2 PAA-b-PBA latex film with a crosslinked PBA-core
3.2.1 Crosslinked PBA-core by BDA
3.2.1-1 SN films of PAA-b-PBA crosslinked by BDA
3.2.1-2 DN films based on PAA-b-PBA crosslinked by BDA
3.2.2 Crosslinked PBA-core by DVB
3.3 The effect of the Mn on the PAA (shell thickness)
3.3.1 SN films of PAA-b-PBA with different Mn of the PAA
3.3.2 DN films based on PAA-b-PBA with different Mn of the PAA
3.4 The effect of the PBA-core size on the PAA-b-PBA latex film
3.4.1 SN films of PAA-b-PBA with different Mn of the PBA
3.4.2 DN films based on PAA-b-PBA with different Mn of the PBA
3.5 PAA-b-PBA films with added PAA5k
3.5.1 Standard latex (PAA 2.5k, PBA 100k) with added PAA5k
3.5.1-1 SN films of PAA-b-PBA with added PAA5k
3.5.1-2 DN films based on PAA-b-PBA with added PAA5k
3.5.2 High Mn PBA latex, (PAA2.5k, PBA200k) with added PAA5k
3.5.2-1 SN films of (PAA2.5k, PBA200k) with added PAA5k
3.5.2-2 DN films based on (PAA2.5k, PBA200k) with added PAA5k
Part II: Summary and discussion of the mechanical properties of the different SN and DN films
1. Method of data analysis
2. Swelling equilibrium of modified latex films
3. Toughness of DN films
4. Dissipation energy in DN films
5 Fracture toughness of DN films
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: General conclusion and outlook
References
