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Table of contents
Abstract
Résume
Introduction
1 State of the art
1.1 Meteorites
1.1.1 Meteorites – precious extraterrestial bodies
1.1.2 Meteorite classification
1.1.3 Chondrites as the witnesses of the formation of the Solar system .
1.2 Formation of the solar system
1.3 Organics in space
1.3.1 Interstellar Matter
1.3.2 The Solar System – protoplanetary disk
1.4 Laboratory synthesis of organic matter
1.4.1 Tholins
1.4.2 ISM dust
1.4.3 Meteorites
1.5 Most important issues- what can be done?
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Synthesis of organic matter
2.1.1 Plasma basics
2.1.2 Description of the synthesis device
2.2 Soluble organic matter analysis
2.3 Insoluble organic matter analysis
2.3.1 Elemental analysis
2.3.2 FTIR
2.3.3 Raman Micro-spectroscopy
2.3.4 Solid state 13C NMR
2.3.5 EPR
2.3.6 Py GC/MS
2.3.7 Ruthenium Tetroxide Oxidation (RuO4 oxidation)
2.3.8 HRTEM
2.3.9 NanoSIMS
3 Synthesis of organic matter containing carbon and hydrogen
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Chemical structure of OM synthesized from pentane or octane*
3.2.1 Synthesis
3.2.2 Contamination issue
3.2.3 Characterization of the soluble OM by GC-MS
3.2.4 650°C Pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis of the IOM
3.2.5 358°C Pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis of the IOM
3.2.6 HRTEM observation of the IOM
3.2.7 Raman Micro-spectroscopy analysis of the IOM
3.2.8 NMR analysis of the IOM
3.2.9 FTIR analysis of the IOM
3.2.10 RuO4 oxidation of the IOM
3.2.11 GC-MS analysis of methylated RuO4 oxidation octane product
3.2.12 EPR analysis of the IOM
3.2.13 Conclusion
3.3 Chemical structure of the organic matter synthesized from methane .
3.3.1 Characterization of the soluble OM by GC-MS
3.3.2 Characterization of the IOM by Py GC-MS
3.4 NanoSIMS analysis of the D enrichment in the IOM
3.5 Discussion and comparison with meteorite IOM
4 Synthesis and analysis of organic matter containing nitrogen
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthesis in the presence of nitrogen hydrides
4.2.1 Synthesis
4.2.2 Characterization of the soluble OM by GC-MS
4.2.3 Characterization of the IOM
4.3 Synthesis in the presence of N2
4.3.1 Synthesis
4.3.2 Characterization of the SOM by GC-MS
4.3.3 Characterization of the IOM
4.4 Comparison with chondritic IOM
5 Aqueous alteration & incorporation of oxygen
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Simulation experiment for aqueous alteration
5.2.1 Experimental
5.2.2 Released soluble compounds
5.2.3 IOM analysis
5.2.4 Pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis of the IOM
5.3 Incorporation of Oxygen upon IOM formation
5.3.1 Synthesis
5.3.2 Characterization of the soluble OM by GC-MS
5.3.3 Analysis of IOM
5.4 Comparison with chondritic IOM
6 Conclusions and future perspectives
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Future perspectives
7 Bibliography
