BRAZILIAN WORKERS IN ARAB CULTURE – Project topics materials

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INTRODUCTION

The explosion of the Christian church in the Global South in the last century has great implications for missions and missionary movements. With David Livingstone and William Carey no longer fitting the profile of the average missionary in the present global church, the so-called younger churches of the Global South have now become sending churches. At the first Latin American Missionary Congress held in Curitiba, Brazil, in 1976, the 500 delegates affirmed: ―We recognize that mission cannot be an isolated department of the life of the church, rather it is an essential part of its essence, because the church is a missionary church or it is no church at all.
At COMIBAM (the Ibero-American Missionary Congress) in São Paulo in 1987, Luis Bush declared, ―From a mission field, Latin America has become a mission force. With over 5000 transcultural missionaries presently serving in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East among other places, the Brazilian evangelical church has emerged—along with the broader church in Latin America—as a formidable example of missions sending from the majority world. In light of this historic development, my object in this study is to tell part of the story of Brazilian evangelical missions by focusing on Brazilian efforts in the Arab-Muslim world.

Need for and Purpose of this Study

Since Brazilian evangelical missions efforts toward the Arab world began after 1976 and in earnest since the early 1990s, there has been little scholarly reflection on the experiences of Brazilian transcultural workers or missions organizations. While Latin American mission work in the broader Muslim world has been studied in a general manner, a dedicated scholarly work on Brazilian evangelical missions in the Arab.

Literature Review of Supply Chain Optimization

A study was undertaken to consider various supply chain optimization approaches available in literature. Literature with regards to supply chain optimization is abundant and no attempt is made to do a complete review. In agreement with the observation that Kerbache & Smith (2004) made, it is observed that the literature has taken three directions:

Purchasing and supply perspective: The interest here is directed toward the upstream supply chain. 2. Transportation and logistics perspective: Interest focused on the downstream supply chain activities.
3. Complete supply chain perspective: Attempts are made to deal with the supply chain as a whole (De Kok & Graves, 2003) .

The interest for this paper was focused on literature that takes the third direction – that is, literature that considers the complete supply chain.

- Abstract
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- LIST OF TABLE

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Need for and Purpose of this Study
1.2 Definitions
1.3 Research Questions and Limitations
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Locating Myself as a Researcher
1.6 Literature Survey
1.7 Method of Study
1.7.1 Participants
1.7.2 Data Collection
1.7.3 Data Analysis
1.7.4 Validation
1.7.5 Summary
CHAPTER 2: FROM A MISSION FIELD TO A MISSIONS SENDING BASE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Roman Catholic Missions and Protestant Immigrants
2.3 History of Evangelical Missions
2.3.1 Bible Societies
2.3.2 Methodists
2.3.3 Robert Reid Kalley
2.3.4 Presbyterians
2.3.5 Southern Baptists
2.3.6 Other Denominations and Missions
2.3.7 Pentecostals
2.3.8 Parachurch Movements
2.3.9 Summary
2.4 Evangelical Revivals and Evangelical Missions to Brazil
2.4.1 Evangelical Missions and Roman Catholicism
2.5 Brazil‘s Evangelical Identity
2.5.1 A High View of Scripture
2.5.2 A Call to Genuine Conversion
2.5.3 A Visible Faith
2.5.4 A Missionary Zeal
2.5.5 Priesthood of the Believer
2.5.6 Free Church
2.5.7 Summarizing Brazil‘s Evangelical Identity
2.6 Brazil: A Missions Sending Nation
2.6.1 A Brief Narrative of Twentieth-Century Brazilian Missions
2.6.2 Missão Antioquia
2.6.3 Curitiba Conference
2.6.4 COMIBAM
2.6.5 Associação de Missões Transculturais Brasileiras (AMTB)
2.6.6 PM International
2.6.7 Missão Horizontes
2.7 Current Status of Brazilian Evangelical Missions
2.8 Chapter Summary
CHAPTER 3: BRAZILIAN WORKERS IN ARAB CULTURE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 What is Culture?
3.3 The Difficulty of Describing Culture
3.4 Theoretical Framework for Discussing Cultures
3.5 The Influence of Arab Culture on Brazil
3.6 Race
3.6.1 Arabs and Race
3.6.2 Brazilians and Race
3.6.3 Brazilian Perspectives on Race in the Arab World
3.7 Economics
3.7.1 Arab World Economics
3.7.2 Brazilian Economics
3.7.3 Brazilian Perspectives on Economics in the Arab World
3.8 Time
3.8.1 Arabs and Time
3.8.2 Brazilians and Time
3.8.3 Brazilian Perspectives on Time in the Arab World
3.9 Communication
3.9.1 Arab Verbal Communication
3.9.2 Arab Non-Verbal Communication
3.9.3 Arabs and Orality
3.9.4 Brazilian Verbal Communication
3.9.5 Brazilian Non-Verbal Communication
3.9.6 Brazilians and Orality
3.9.7 Brazilian Perspectives on Communication in the Arab World
3.9.8 Brazilian Perspectives on Orality in the Arab World
3.10 Family
3.10.1 The Arab Family
3.10.2 The Brazilian Family
3.10.3 Brazilian Perspectives on Family in the Arab World
3.11 Relationships
3.11.1 Arab Friendships
3.11.2 Brazilian Friendships
3.11.3 Brazilian Perspectives on Relationships in the Arab World
3.12 Hospitality
3.12.1 Arabs and Hospitality
3.12.2 Brazilians and Hospitality
3.12.3 Brazilian Perspectives on Hospitality in the Arab World
3.13 Spiritual Worldview
3.13.1 Arabs and Islam
3.13.2 Arabs and Folk Islam
3.13.3 Brazilians and Roman Catholicism
3.13.4 Brazilians and Spiritism
3.13.5 Brazilian Perspectives on Spiritual Worldview in the Arab World
3.14 Jeitinho Brasilerio: A Case Study in Adaptation
3.15 Chapter Summary
CHAPTER 4: BRAZILIAN APPROACHES TO MISSION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Ministry Strategies
4.2.1 Evangelism
4.2.2 Discipleship
4.2.3 Church Planting
4.2.4 Humanitarian Work
4.2.5 Medical Work
4.2.6 Business, Business as Mission, and Business Development
4.2.7 Sports Ministry
4.2.8 Teaching
4.2.9 Training and Mobilization
4.3 Brazilian Missions Agencies
4.3.1 Missão Antioquia
4.3.2 Missão Kairos
4.3.3 PM International
4.3.4 Junta de Missões Mundiais da Convenção Batista Brasileira
4.3.5 Interserve
4.3.6 CCI Brasil
4.3.7 Summary
4.4 Strengths of Brazilian Missions among Arabs
4.5 Challenges for Brazilian Missions among Arabs
4.5.1 Brazilian Church Support
4.5.2 Language Acquisition
4.5.3 Financial Support
4.5.4 Brazilian Women in the Arab World
4.6 Chapter Summary
CHAPTER 5: TOWARD A BRAZILIAN THEOLOGY OF MISSION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Missão Integral (The Whole Gospel)
5.2.1 Historical Development of Missão Integral
5.2.2 Missão Integral Defined
5.2.3 Theological Foundations of Missão Integral
5.2.4 Missão Integral Applied
5.2.5 The Missiological Significance of Missão Integral in the Arab World
5.3 A Church-Centered Missiology
5.4 Missions from Below
5.5 A Spiritually Aware Missiology
5.6 Chapter Summary
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
APPENDIX A : BRAZILIAN TRANSCULTURAL WORKERS SURVEY POOL
APPENDIX B: BRAZILIAN WORKERS SURVEY QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES
APPENDIX C : BRAZILIAN MISSION LEADERS SURVEY POOL
APPENDIX D: BRAZILIAN MISSION LEADERS SURVEY
QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES
BIBLIOGRAPHY