Contributions to the nursing education relating to establishment of nurse patient relationship

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Consent form

Prior to the actual data collection process, the research‟s purpose of the study was explained to all the research participants/respondents. This explanation assisted in the inculcation of trust between the researcher and the participants. It also fosteredtransparency regarding the actual intentions of the study. The duration of the study, the research methods to be employed, the expected nature of participation and how the results will be used will be thoroughly explained to the research participants by the researcher in person. The participants were informed of their rights to participate voluntarily, and that their confidentiality (anonymity and privacy) was protected. No monetary incentives were offered; neither should they be coerced into participation. The written informed consent of the research participants was obtained (Creswell, 2009:198).

Permission to conduct the study

The ethical clearance and human rights issues in this study pertain to those scientifically approved protocols that also lend legal or moral credibility to the study(Creswell, 2009:199).. Prior to the undertaking of this study, ethical clearance was sought and obtained from the higher degree committee of the UNISA department of health studies. Written permission to conduct the survey was also sought from the National Department of Health, under whose jurisdiction all the research sites fall (Annex: 5). As the fiduciary custodians to the public healthcare facilities in the Tshwane District, the NDoH ensured that no harm would befall any of the patients and nurses to be utilised in its healthcare facilities.

Anonymity and confidentiality

Participants in the focus group were allocated numbers in order to protect the anonymity of the people (Creswell, 2009:167). For the professional nurses who were taking part in any type of data collection strategy, participants were not required to disclose their personal data to the researcher. Total confidentiality was ensured through keeping the completed questionnaires in the lockable cupboard preventing unauthorised access to the data gathered during the interview. The questionnaires will be kept for the next two years after the completion of the data collection (Creswell, 2009:193).

Principle of non-maleficence

In this study, no physical risk is anticipated to the participants, as the study does not entail any manipulations or experimentations to the participants(Creswell, 2009:192).; however, the discomfort may be related to the observed participants and those participating in the focus group discussion as they relate to the practical experiences they encounter in the workplace. In case of psychological discomfort to the participants, the researcher will not need the medical responsibility but will exclusively provide the reassurance to the participant and refer the participant to the nearest provincial institution EWP program or the institution of their choice for counselling.

Principle of fairness and researchers‟ integrity

The researcher will conduct a pilot study in order to detect any marginalisation that can arise from the study (Creswell, 2009:88). As the study deals with the relationship, the use of the triangulation of data collected by the researcher will minimise the biasness of the report. The researcher will revisit the research participants during the data analysis in order to validate the contradicting statements. The use of recording devices during the focus group discussion will assist in the verbatim reporting during the data analysis. The data collected will be kept safe for the next 5years for reference in case of any query (Creswell 2009:91) .The researcher will acknowledge all sources consulted.

TABLE OF CONTENTS :

• Dedication
• Declaration
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• ABSTRACT
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• ORGANISATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
• LIST OF TABLES
• LIST OF FIGURES
• OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
• 1.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM
  • 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
  • 1.4 RESEARCH PURPOSE
  • 1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
  • 1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
  • 1.7 SIGNIFICANCE AND RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY
    • 1.7.1 Identification of the knowledge gap
    • 1.7.2 Contributions to the body of knowledge
    • 1.7.3 Contributions to the policy and quality of the PHC services
    • 1.7.4 Contributions to the nursing education relating to establishment of nurse patient relationship
  • 1.8 THEORETICAL/META-THEORETICAL GROUNDING
  • 1.9 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
    • 1.9.1 Rationale for methodological choice
    • 1.9.1.1 Why mixed method
    • 1.9.1.2 Quantitative phase
    • 1.9.1.3 Why survey
    • 1.9.1.4 Qualitative phase
    • 1.9.1.5 Why participative observations
    • 1.9.1.6 Why focus group discussions
    • 1.9.2 Data collection sampling techniques and sample sizes determination
• CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
  • 2.1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2.2. THE DATA SEARCH STRATEGY
    • 2.2.1 Hierarchy of evidence
    • 2.2.2 Pre-review considerations
  • 2.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA
  • 2.4. THE SYNTHESIS OF SOURCES
  • 2.5 THEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATING TO NURSE PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
    • 2.5.1 Establishing trusting nurse-patient relationship
    • 2.5.2 Communication and listening as the determinant of nurse patient relationship
    • 2.5.3 Demonstrating empathy in the therapeutic nurse patient relationship
    • 2.5.4 Teaching and learning the establishment of nurse patient relationship
  • 2.6 THEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE RELATING TO CHRONIC PAIN MANAGEMENT
    • 2.6.1 Identification of chronic pain by primary health care practitioners
    • 2.6.2 Pharmacological approach to the management of chronic pain
    • 2.6.3 The multi-disciplinary approach to the management of chronic pain
    • 2.6.4 Nurses attitude towards management of chronic pain
    • 2.6.5 Patients’ expectations in the management of chronic pain
  • 2.7 THEMATIC REVIEW OF THEORIES RELATED TO CARING PRACTICES
    • Smith ME
    • Masters K
    • Analysis and evaluation of theoretical knowledge in nursing
    • Author and year
• CHAPTER 3 THEORETICAL/META-THEORETICAL GROUNDING
  • 3.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 3.2 OVERVIEW OF THE THEORY
  • 3.3 FOUR MAJOR CONCEPTS OF THE THEORY
    • 3.3.1 Concepts clarification
    • 3.3.2 The four concepts within the Watson‟s theory of human caring
      • 3.3.2.1 Human being/person (patient and nurse)
      • 3.3.2.2. Nursing
      • 3.3.2.3 Environment
      • 3.3.2.4 Health
    • 3.3.3 Relationship of the four concepts with management of chronic pain
  • 3.4 CARATIVE PROCESSES
  • 3.5 TRANSPERSONAL CARING RELATIONSHIP
  • 3.6. CONCEPTUALISATION OF THE WATSON CARING THEORY
  • 3.7 PAIN THEORIES
    • 3.7.1. The gate control theory of pain
    • 3.7.2. The neuromatrix theory of pain
• CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH DESIGN, METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS and
  • DATA ANALYSIS
  • 4.1. INTRODUCTION
  • 4.2. RESEARCH PARADIGM
  • 4.3 RESEARCH DESIGN
    • 4.3.1 Research setting
    • 4.3.2. Site Sampling in quantitative phase of the study
  • 4.4. DATA COLLECTION QUANTITATIVE PHASE: SURVEY
    • 4.4.1 Questionnaire development
    • 4.4.2 Validity and reliability testing
    • 4.4.3 Questionnaire distribution and completion
    • 4.4.4 Data analysis
  • 4.5 PHASE 2 OF THE STUDY: QUALITATIVE
  • 4.5.1 Participative observation
• CHAPTER 6 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS: QUALITATIVE PHASE
• CHAPTER 7 DATA INTERPRETATIONS, DISCUSSIONS AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT

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MIXED METHOD: EXPLORATION OF CARING PRACTICES RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN WITHIN THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SETTING